SS Chapter 4

Pluralism

Acceptance of diverse cultures, religions, and ethnicities in the colonies.

E pluribus Unum

Latin phrase meaning "out of many, one," reflecting American diversity.

Black Slaves

Largest group of newcomers to America by 1775, making up one in five Americans on the eve of the Revolution.

New American Identity

By 1750, colonists began identifying as "American" rather than solely British.

American Dialect

New words and terms that emerged, such as raccoon, skunk, and yankee, contributing to a distinct American culture.

Religious Tolerance

Acceptance and respect for all religions in the New World.

Indentured Servants

Individuals who worked for a set period in exchange for passage to the colonies, often under harsh conditions.

Reasons for Indentured Servitude

Seeking religious freedom or a better life for their families.

Slavery

The increase in slavery as the supply of white indentured servants declined.

Middle Passage

The brutal journey of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas.

John Newton

Former slave ship captain who became a preacher and abolitionist, known for writing "Amazing Grace."

Great Awakening

A religious revival (1730-1750) aimed at countering materialism and secularism in colonial America.

Materialism

The focus on money and possessions, countered by the Great Awakening.

Secularism

The emphasis on worldly items rather than religious beliefs.

Evangelists

Preachers who spread the message of the Great Awakening across cities and rural areas.

Hell Fire and Damnation Sermon

A type of sermon introduced during the Great Awakening to encourage religious conversion.

Pluralism in Religion

The Great Awakening ensured the acceptance of multiple religions in America.

Anti-Authoritarian Attitude

The Great Awakening fostered resistance against King George III and corruption.

Salutary Neglect

England's policy of ignoring the colonies, leading to increased colonial autonomy.

Power of the Purse

Colonists' control over their finances, leading to resistance against taxation.

Seven Years War

Also known as the French and Indian War, a conflict between the French and Indians against the English and colonists.

Treaty of Paris

Agreement that ended the French and Indian War, granting England significant territorial gains.

British Debt

England's financial burden from the war, leading to increased taxation on colonists.

Proclamation of 1763

King's decree closing lands west of the Appalachians to prevent further conflict.

Quartering Act

Requirement for colonial cities to provide food and shelter for British troops.