IPAC

Chain of Transmission

1. Infectious agent 

2. Reservoir 

3. Portal of exit 

4. Modes of transmission 

5. Portal of entry 

6. Susceptible host

Infectious Agent

clean/disinfect agent and medications

Reservoir (patient, equipment food, water, animal, soil)

clean, teach respiratory etiquette, vaccinations, proper food handling

Portal of Exit (body fluids, breathing, touch)

hand hygiene, resp etiquette, linen and waste management, hygiene

Mode of Transmission (Contact, droplet, airborne, vehicle, vector)

hand hygiene, PPE, precautions

Portal of entry

effective use of PPE< hand hygiene

Susceptible host (everyone in lTC, newborns, pregnant women)

id high risk individuals, protect body defenses

routine

everyone's baseline

contact

MRSA, VRE, enterovirus, incontinence

droplet

pneumonia, pertussis

airborn

TB

Droplet/contact

 influenza, bronochioluitis, covid

airborn/contact

chicken pox

PPE contact

gloves and gown

PPE DROPLET

gown, mask, eyewear, gloves

PPE Airborn

N95 and all PPE

Donning

1. HH

2. Gown

3. Mask

4. goggles/face shield

5. Gloves 

Doffing

1. Gloves

2. Gown 

3. HH

4. Eye protection 

5. Mask 

6. HH

4 moments of HH

before patient contact, before aseptic procedures, after body fluid exposure risk, and after patient contact