Exam 4 Lab Packets

Which muscle(s) extend and flex the head and neck?

Trapezius, Levator scapulae, Splenius cervicis/capitis, Longissimus capitis, Semispinalis capitis

What nerve innervates the platysma muscle?

CN VII

Which muscle(s) elevate the hyoid?

stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, digastric

Which muscle(s) depress the hyoid?

omohyoid, sternohyoid, thyrohyoid

Which muscle(s) adduct the true vocal cords?

Lat. cricoarytenoid, Arytenoideus

Which muscle(s) abduct the true vocal cords?

Pos. cricoarytenoid

Which muscle(s) increase the tension in the true vocal cords?

Cricothyroid

Which muscle(s) decrease the tension in the true vocal cords?

Thyroarytenoid

Which muscle(s) are innervated by the ansa cervicalis?

Sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid

Which muscle(s) of the neck are innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X)?

Lat. cricoarytenoid, Arytenoideus, Pos. cricoarytenoid, Cricothyroid, Thyroarytenoid, Superior/Middle/Inferior constrictors

Describe the quadrangular membrane. What is its free lower edge called?

A thin layer of connective tissue that connects the lateral borders of the epiglottis and the antiliteral margins of the arytenoid cartilages, free lower edge is called the vestibular ligament

Describe the conus elasticus. What is its free upper edge called?

A thicker layer of fibroelastic membrane that connects the cricoid and thyroid cartilages, free upper edge is called vocal ligament

What are the functions of the thyroid gland?

protein synthesis, setting BMR, growth and maturation of CNS, cell respiration, bone growth

What are the functions of the parathyroid glands?

secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH), increases blood calcium

Which muscles are innervated by the accessory nerve (CN XI)?

Sternocleidomastoid, Trapezius

What are the spinal nerves of the neck?

Ansa cervicalis, phrenic nerve, lesser occipital nerve, great auricular nerve, transverse cervical nerve, supraclavicular nerve

What are the cranial nerves of the neck?

Facial (CN VII), Glossopharyngeal (CN IX), Vagus (CN X), Accessory (CN XI), Hypoglossal (CN XII)

Which nerves of the neck carry autonomic fibers?

Facial (CN VII), Glossopharyngeal (CN IX), Vagus (CN X)

What are the branches of the external carotid artery?

Superior thyroid a., Ascending pharyngeal a., Lingual a., Facial a., Occipital a., Posterior auricular a., Maxillary a., Superficial temporal a.

How does the internal carotid artery reach the brain?

Coratid canal

Which vein drains blood from the inside the cranial cavity?

Internal jugular vein

Which drains blood from most of the scalp and face?

External jugular vein

Which bones of the skull are paired?

Parietal, Temporal, Nasal, Palatine, Lacrimal, Zygomatic, Inferior nasal concha, Maxilla

Which bones of the skull are unpaired?

Frontal, Sphenoid, Ethmoid, Occipital, Mandible, Vomer

Which bones comprise the neurocranium?

Frontal, Sphenoid, Ethmoid, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital

Which bones comprise the facial skeleton?

Nasal, Lacrimal, Inferior nasal concha, Maxilla, Mandible, Palatine, Zygomatic, Vomer

Which bones articulate the sagittal suture?

parietal bones

Which bones articulate the coronal suture?

frontal bone and parietal bones

Which bones articulate the lambdoid suture?

parietal bones, occipital bone

Which bones articulate the squamous suture?

parietal bones, temporal bones

Which bones contribute to the bony orbit?

Frontal, Sphenoid, Ethmoid, Lacrimal, Palatine, Zygomatic, Maxilla

What structure(s) pass through the cribriform plate?

Olfactory nerves

What structure(s) pass through the optic canal?

Optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

What structures pass through the superior orbital fissure?

Ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve, Oculomotor nerve, Trochlear nerve, Abducent nerve

What structure(s) pass through the foramen rotundum?

Maxillary division of trigeminal nerve

What structure(s) pass through the foramen ovale?

Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

What structure(s) pass through the foramen spinosum?

Middle meningeal artery

What structure(s) pass through the internal acoustic meatus?

Facial nerve (CN VII), Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII), Labyrinthine artery and vein

What structure(s) pass through the jugular foramen?

Glossopharyngeal nerve, Vagus nerve, Accessory nerve, Internal jugular vein

What structure(s) pass through the foramen magnum?

Spinal cord, vertebral arteries

What structure(s) pass through the hypoglossal canal?

Hypoglossal nerve

What structure(s) pass through the carotid canal?

Internal carotid artery

What structure(s) pass through the stylomastoid foramen?

Facial nerve

How does the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) differ from other synovial joints?

It has fibrocartilage instead of hyaline cartilage

How many incisors do human adults have?

8

How many canines do human adults have?

4

How many premolars do human adults have?

8

How many molars do human adults have?

12

What is the human dental formula?

2.1.2.3

What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Superior longitudinal, vertical, transverse, Inferior longitudinal

What movement(s) do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue do?

Changes shape of tongue

What nerve innervates the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Which tongue muscle does not get the hypoglossal nerve?

Palatoglossus

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus, palatoglossus

What movement(s) do the extrinsic muscles of the tongue do?

Protrude, retract, elevate, depress

What types of movement is the mandible capable of?

Elevation, retraction, protrusion, depression, medial excursion, lateral excursion

What muscle(s) elevate the mandible?

Temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid

What muscle(s) retract the mandible?

Temporalis

What muscle(s) protrude the mandible?

Masseter, lateral pterygoid, medial ptyergoid

What muscle(s) depress the mandible?

Lateral pterygoid, digastric anterior belly

What muscle(s) produce a medial excursion of the mandible?

Medial pterygoid

What muscle(s) produce a lateral excursion of the mandible?

Lateral pterygoid

What nerve innervates all the muscles of the mandible?

Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3)

What muscle does the eyebrow skin?

Frontalis

What muscle encircles the orbit and is inside the eyelid?

Orbicularis oculi

What muscles do the corner of the mouth?

Zygomaticus major, Buccinator

What muscle encircles the mouth?

Orbicularis oris

What muscle wrinkles the neck skin and draws the mouth down?

Platysma

What muscle moves the ear?

Auricular

What nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression?

Facial nerve (CNVII)

What lobe of the brain does visual information processing?

Occipital lobe

What lobe of the brain does auditory information processing?

Temporal lobe

What lobe of the brain does olfactory information processing?

Temporal and frontal lobe

What lobe of the brain does somatosensory information processing?

Parietal lobe

What lobe of the brain does taste information processing?

Insular and frontal lobe

What lobe of the brain does voluntary movement processing?

Frontal lobe

Which part of the brain connects the two cerebral hemispheres?

Corpus callosum

The pons, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata are parts of the ____________

Hindbrain

The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are parts of the ____________

Brainstem

Which part of the brain coordinates voluntary movements and motor activities such as posture, balance, and equilibrium?

Cerebellum

Which part of the brain regulates breathing and coordinates facial movements?

Pons

Which part of the brain controls vital autonomic functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing?

Medulla oblongata

Which part of the brain has a primary function of being the relay station to the cerebral cortex?

Thalamus

Which type of processing is relayed to the somatosensory cortex of parietal lobe via the thalamus?

Somatosensory processing

Which type of processing is visual information from cranial nerve II and is relayed to the visual cortex of the temporal lobe via the thalamus?

Visual processing

Which type of processing is from cranial nerve VIII and is relayed from the auditory cortex of the temporal lobe via the thalamus?

Auditory processing

Which type of processing is from cranial nerve VIII and is relayed to cerebellum via the thalamus?

Equilibrium processing

Which type of processing is from cranial nerves VII and IX (mostly) and is relayed to the gustatory cortex of the insular lobe via the thalamus?

Taste processing

Which type of processing is from cranial nerve I to the olfactory cortex of the temporal lobe?

Olfactory processing

Which part of the brain has the primary function of controlling the release of pituitary hormones?

Hypothalamus

Which part of the brain is the major gland of the endocrine system? it regulates growth, blood pressure, etc.

Pituitary gland

The olfactory, optic, and vestibulocochlear nerves carry which fibers?

Sensory

The oculomotor, trochlear, abducens, accessory, and hypoglossal nerves carry which fibers?

Motor

The trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves carry which fibers?

Both sensory and motor

Which nerve has the primary function of sense of smell?

Olfactory

What cranial opening does the olfactory nerve pass through?

Cribriform plate

Which nerve has the primary function of vision?

Optic

What cranial opening does the optic nerve pass through?

Optic canal

Which cranial nerve does eye movement/pupil constriction/eyelid movement?

Oculomotor

What cranial opening does the oculomotor nerve pass through?

Superior orbital fissure