CEN 325: Water Resources Exam 1

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30 Terms

1
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What percentage of the world’s water is freshwater?
2.5% of the world’s water is fresh.
2
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What is the largest lake in the world by volume?
Lake Baikal.
3
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How many liters per day does a person need for basic survival?
About 15 Liters.
4
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True or False: The Hadley Circulation assumes that the earth is rotating.
False; Hadley Circulation assumes that the earth is not rotating.
5
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What are small particles made of dust or salt that condensation occurs around called?
Aerosols.
6
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What is the name of the graph that represents rainfall intensity as a function of time?
Rainfall hyetograph.
7
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True or False: A storm intensity with a return period of 10 years will definitely occur once every 10 years.
False.
8
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What is the process of water penetrating soils called?
Infiltration.
9
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What is the process of water changing from liquid to vapor stages?
Evaporation.
10
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True or False: Saturated flow occurs when just some of the voids are filled with water.
False; saturated flow occurs when all voids are filled with water.
11
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Which method usually gives the most accurate answers for calculating evaporation?
Combined method.
12
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What is the term for groundwater that enters a channel that is usually always present?
Baseflow.
13
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What are some assumptions about the unit hydrograph approach?
Excess rain is uniformly distributed throughout the watershed; the watershed is not changing.
14
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True or False: Infiltration rate generally increases with time.
False.
15
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What is Lag Time?
Time between the center of mass of the rainfall and the peak of the hydrograph.
16
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What is Time of Concentration?
Time for a particle of water to travel from the hydrologically most distant point in the watershed to a point of interest.
17
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True or False: A typical CN number for a grassy surface will be less than that for an impervious surface.
True.
18
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Which physical processes can be considered abstractions?
Surface Storage, Interception, Evaporation, Evapotranspiration, Infiltration.
19
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What does P represent in the NRCS Model?
Total Precipitation.
20
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True or False: For dry antecedent conditions, the CN number will be higher than for wetter conditions.
False.
21
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What factors influence the relationship between rainfall and runoff?
Soil properties, land cover, ground slope, watershed geometry.
22
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What is the Vadose Zone?
Pores have a mix of air and films of water.
23
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What is the Water Table?
The upper boundary of the saturated zone.
24
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What is an Aquifer?
Pores filled with water through which water can flow.
25
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What is a Confined Aquifer?
An aquifer located between impermeable layers.
26
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True or False: Darcy’s velocity is usually greater than pore velocity.
False.
27
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True or False: The hydraulic conductivity of sand is greater than that of clay.
True.
28
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Which equation would you use to calculate the flow in an unconfined aquifer?
The Theis equation (for non-steady state conditions).
29
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True or False: Pump tests can determine hydraulic properties of an aquifer by pumping a well at an increasing rate and observing the drawdown.
False.
30
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When a well starts being pumped, what forms around the well?
A cone of depression.