CEN 325: Water Resources Exam 1

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30 Terms

1
What percentage of the world’s water is freshwater?
2.5% of the world’s water is fresh.
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2
What is the largest lake in the world by volume?
Lake Baikal.
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3
How many liters per day does a person need for basic survival?
About 15 Liters.
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4
True or False: The Hadley Circulation assumes that the earth is rotating.
False; Hadley Circulation assumes that the earth is not rotating.
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5
What are small particles made of dust or salt that condensation occurs around called?
Aerosols.
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6
What is the name of the graph that represents rainfall intensity as a function of time?
Rainfall hyetograph.
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7
True or False: A storm intensity with a return period of 10 years will definitely occur once every 10 years.
False.
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8
What is the process of water penetrating soils called?
Infiltration.
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9
What is the process of water changing from liquid to vapor stages?
Evaporation.
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10
True or False: Saturated flow occurs when just some of the voids are filled with water.
False; saturated flow occurs when all voids are filled with water.
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11
Which method usually gives the most accurate answers for calculating evaporation?
Combined method.
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12
What is the term for groundwater that enters a channel that is usually always present?
Baseflow.
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13
What are some assumptions about the unit hydrograph approach?
Excess rain is uniformly distributed throughout the watershed; the watershed is not changing.
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14
True or False: Infiltration rate generally increases with time.
False.
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15
What is Lag Time?
Time between the center of mass of the rainfall and the peak of the hydrograph.
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16
What is Time of Concentration?
Time for a particle of water to travel from the hydrologically most distant point in the watershed to a point of interest.
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17
True or False: A typical CN number for a grassy surface will be less than that for an impervious surface.
True.
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18
Which physical processes can be considered abstractions?
Surface Storage, Interception, Evaporation, Evapotranspiration, Infiltration.
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19
What does P represent in the NRCS Model?
Total Precipitation.
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20
True or False: For dry antecedent conditions, the CN number will be higher than for wetter conditions.
False.
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21
What factors influence the relationship between rainfall and runoff?
Soil properties, land cover, ground slope, watershed geometry.
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22
What is the Vadose Zone?
Pores have a mix of air and films of water.
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23
What is the Water Table?
The upper boundary of the saturated zone.
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24
What is an Aquifer?
Pores filled with water through which water can flow.
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25
What is a Confined Aquifer?
An aquifer located between impermeable layers.
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26
True or False: Darcy’s velocity is usually greater than pore velocity.
False.
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27
True or False: The hydraulic conductivity of sand is greater than that of clay.
True.
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28
Which equation would you use to calculate the flow in an unconfined aquifer?
The Theis equation (for non-steady state conditions).
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29
True or False: Pump tests can determine hydraulic properties of an aquifer by pumping a well at an increasing rate and observing the drawdown.
False.
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30
When a well starts being pumped, what forms around the well?
A cone of depression.
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