theoretical perspective on ethnic inequalities

functionalism

• Parsons: meritocracy

  • black individuals receive the lowest grades at uni

    • eddo-lodge: no meritocracy

• Parsons: need to adjust to N+Vs

  • same dress, language, etc.

    • Jacobson: hyper-ethnic

• Patterson: assimilate

  • Solomos and back: doesn’t lead to fewer ethnic inequalities

new right

• Sewell: lack of a male role model

  • Underachievement due to poverty and racism

• Murray: underclass

  • afro-caribbeans 4x more likely to go to jail

    • Davidson: concrete ceiling

marxism

• Westergaard: inequalities due to class

  • 40% of ethnic minorities are from low-income families

  • Miles and Phitzacklea: double oppression

• Castles and Kosack: divide and rule- bourgeoisie benefit from white workers blaming ethnic minorities

  • skinheads

  • little evidence

• Hall: cultural scapegoat

  • 1970s- blamed black youth- mugging

  • Murray: underclass- due to their own responsibilities

• Althusser: ideological state apparatus

  • willis: the lads- see through myth of meritocracy

weberianism

• Weber: status groups

  • protests e.g BLM

  • marxisim- althusser: due to bourgeoisie,media

• Rex and Tomlinson: feel marginalised and alienated from society

  • 52% choosing to leave EU

  • Critical race theory- bell: justifies internalised racism

• Parkins: social closure

  • Parsons: meritocracy

• Barron and Norris: dual labour market

  • Afro-Caribbean = unemployment, etc.

feminism

• bell hooks: lack of support from feminism

• eddo-lodge: white privilege

  • black women are less likely to get promotions then white women

  • Parsons: meritocracy

• Brewer: triple oppression

• connel: colonisation

  • Gilroy: hyprid identity