Honors Biology Unit 1 Structure & Function Review

These flashcards cover key concepts from the Honors Biology Unit 1 lecture notes regarding cell structure, function, and transport mechanisms.

Cell Theory

The cell theory states that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from pre-existing cells.

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms without a nucleus, while eukaryotes are organisms whose cells contain a nucleus and organelles.

Fluid Mosaic Model

The cell membrane is described as a fluid mosaic because it is composed of a flexible lipid bilayer with various proteins embedded, allowing for movement and interaction.

Diffusion

Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration; it is significant for maintaining cellular homeostasis.

Hypotonic Solution

A hypotonic solution has a lower solute concentration outside the cell, causing water to enter the cell and potentially leading to cell swelling.

Hypertonic Solution

A hypertonic solution has a higher solute concentration outside the cell, causing water to leave the cell and potentially leading to cell shrinkage.

Isotonic Solution

An isotonic solution has equal solute concentrations inside and outside the cell, resulting in no net movement of water.

Active Transport

Active transport is the movement of molecules across a membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring energy, in contrast to passive transport which does not require energy.

Endocytosis

Endocytosis is the process by which cells take in material by engulfing it in a membrane, while exocytosis is the process of expelling material from the cell.

Homeostasis and Negative Feedback Loop

Homeostasis is maintained through negative feedback loops, which counteract changes in a system; an example is the regulation of body temperature.