Common Disorders of Equine Hind lImb

what causes cervical spine OA

trauma

OC

how to diagnose cervical spine OA

inject facets with corticosteroid

acupuncture

mesotherapy

what is the prognosis of cervical spine OA

fair, need life long maintenance

may progress and cause neuro signs

what causes kissing spines/ impinging dorsal spinous processes

trauma

poor fitting saddle

how to diagnose kissing spines

pain on palpation

reduced performance, behavior change

radiographs

how to treat kissing spines

check saddle fit

inject area with corticosteroids

surgical resection

what is most likely cause of general back pain

underlying hind limb lameness

what else can cause general back muscle pain

poor saddle fit

poor riding

trauma

how to diagnose general back muscle pain

pain on palpation

reduced performance

how to treat general back muscle pain

check saddle fit

inject area with corticosteroids

acupuncture

rest

what causes sacroiliac disease

trauma

inappropriate use

how to diagnose sacroiliac disease

clinical signs

lame, can feel crepitus by rectal palpation

how to treat sacroiliac disease

rest

insect SI joint with corticosteroids

what area is most likely the cause in hind limb lameness

hock

below hock next common

what causes splint bone fractures

kick injury

how to treat splint bone fractures

ostectomy

what is the prognosis for splint bone fractures

excellent

what characteristics may be present in hock lameness

drags toes

lame leg adducts most

fails to track up on lame leg

how to diagnose hock lameness

flexion tests

blocks

radiographs

nuclear scintigraphy

what is the most common hind end lameness diagnosed in performance horses

hock OA

distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joint

how to diagnose hock OA

+ upper limb flexion

block to distal hock

radiographs, do not correlated with clinical lameness

how to treat hock OA

intra-articular corticosteroids

shoeing

facilitated ankyloses

what causes tibiotarsal effusion/ bog spavin

OCD

synovitis

infection leading to septic arthritis \

hemarthrosis

how to diagnose tibiotarsal effusion/ bog spavin

effusion in TT joint

radiograph

diagnostic arthroscopy

what area is most likely to get hock osteochondrosis

distal intermediate ridge of tibia (DIRT)

how to treat tibiotarsal effusion/ bog spavin

drain joint and inject corticosteroids

arthroscopy

what is the prognosis of bog spavin

good

cosmetic problem

what causes plantar ligament desmitis/ curb

strain on plantar hock

sickle hocked

SB

how to diagnose plantar ligament desmitis/ curb

Characteristic swelling

mild to moderate lameness

blocks

ultrasound

what is the treatment and prognosis for curb

rest

good, will always have swelling

what causes calcaneal bursitis/ capped hock

repeated trauma- stall kicker

how to diagnose calcaneal bursitis/ capped hock

characteristic swelling

NOT lame

what is the treatment and prognosis of capped hock

drain and inject corticosteroids, cosmetic fix

excellent for function, poor for cosmesis

how to diagnose septic calcaneal bursitis

VERY lame

pressurize bursa

contrast radiograph

ultrasound

how to treat septic calcaneal bursitis

flush bursa with tenoscopy

may have to open and resect part of calcaneus

guarded prognosis

what causes tarsal sheath tenosynovitis/ thoroughpin

wear and tear

straight hocks

how to diagnose tarsal sheath tenosynovitis/ thoroughpin

characteristic swelling

NOT lame

how to treat tarsal sheath tenosynovitis/ thoroughpin

none, benign neglect

excellent prognosis for athletic use, guarded for cosmesis

what causes ruptured peroneus tertius

trauma

how to diagnose ruptured peroneus tertius

extend hock with flexed stifle

lameness and swelling initially

tarsus extends more than normal at trot

how to treat ruptured peroneus tertius

arthroscopy

stall rest

what is the prognosis for ruptured peroneus teritus

good

poor if involves stifle joint

SDF or gastrocnemius muscle/tendon rupture is caused by

trauma

how to treat SDF or gastrocnemius muscle/tendon rupture

long term splinting and rest!

what is the prognosis of SDF or gastrocnemius muscle/tendon rupture

fair to poor

good if heals

how to diagnose fibrotic myopathy

characteristic movement, evident at walk

palpable hardening in semitendinosus

how to treat fibrotic myopathy

semimembranosus tenotomy

what is the prognosis fibrotic myopathy

fair for success of treatment

always have altered gait

what gait characteristics are in stifle lameness

jumps off lame leg in weight bearing, leads to quicker shorter step

drags toe

increased lameness when limb on outside of circle

what are the clinical signs of stile lameness

joint effusion

hind end muscle atrophy with chronic problem

how to diagnose stifle lameness

flexion test: upper limb and caudal extension

blocks

radiographs

ultrasound

arthroscopy

nuclear scintigraphy

where are lesions at for stifle osteochondrosis

medial femoral cysts

trochlear ridge OCD

how to diagnose stifle OC

effusion

lameness when starting training

radiographs

how to treat stifle OC

wait until 1 year of age for surgery

fill cysts with biologics and scaffolds, inject with CS, screw

What is the prognosis for stifle OC

depends on severity and success of surgery

leads to OA

what causes stifle OA

underlying OC

trauma

athletic use

how to diagnose and treat stifle OA

block to stifle

intraarticular CS

what is the prognosis for stifle OA

fair, high motion and complicated joint

what causes upward fixation of patella

weak quadriceps

straight legs

severe upward fixation of patella

locked in extension

mild upward fixation of patella

horse catches their stifle

How to treat upward fixation of patella

back up horse

exercise strengthen quadriceps

what is the last resort treatment for upward fixation of patella

medial patella ligament desmotomy

what is done to treat upward fixation of patella

medial patella ligament splinting or blistering