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What two parts make up a computer system?
Hardware and software
What is Hardware?
Physical parts that make up a computer system
What is software?
The code that makes the computer run
What is the data bus used for?
Communication between the RAM and the CPU
What is the address bus used for?
Communication between the RAM and Storage
What is the Ethernet port used for?
Internet
What is the USB port used for?
Transfer data
What is the DVI port used for?
Just video transfer
What is the HDMI port used for?
Video and sound transfer
What is the Audio port used for?
Audio transfer
How does Input devices work in a computer system?
Input data into the computer system
What is the main reason for Process's in a computer system?
inputted data is converted into a readable form
What do Output devices do in a computer system?
Show the processed data to the user
List some input devices
Keyboard
Mouse
Joystick
Microphone
Scanner
Graphics tablet and stylus
Bar code recognition
Optical mark recognition
Sensors
What are the advantages and disadvantages of a Graphics tablet and stylus?
+
More natural
Greater accuracy and precision
-
Expensive
Hard to select and click on items
Large
What are the advantages and disadvantages of a Bar code recognition scanner?
+
Fast
Shows error
can change price easily
-
Products have to be entered in to database
If system fails they don't work
What are the advantages and disadvantages of a Optical mark recognition scanner?
+
Very fast
Accurate
-
Can't analysis human errors
No text
Needs special paper and stationary
List some output devices
Inkjet printer
Laser printer
Plotter
Speakers
Headphones
Monitor
Projector
What are the advantages and disadvantages of a inkjet printer?
+
Cheap
Small
Good quality prints
-
Loud
Slow
Small cartridges
Page can come out wet
What are the advantages and disadvantages of a laser printer?
+
High quality print out(not wet)
Fast
Can do lots of printing
-
Expensive
Complex and expensive to repair
Large
What are the advantages and disadvantages of a plotter?
+
Very high quality
Can print out large pictures
-
Slow
Expensive
List some input and output devices
Voice activated systems
Multi-touch gestures (touch screens)
Whats the 5 purposes of the CPU?
Control input output devices
Synchronise data
Logical decisions
Calculation
Sorting and searching for data
Explain the fetch execute cycle
Data is fetch for by the CPU
This data is the decoded by the CPU
This data is the executed by the CPU
What does a controller do?
Controls fetch execute cycle
What does the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) do?
Logical decisions
Calculation
What do registers do?
Fast temporary storage inside CPU
What does internal memory do?
Used by the CPU like ram
What do buses do?
Transfer data
How does the clock speed affect a PC?
How fast the fetch execute cycle is carried out
How does the number of cores affect a PC?
Allow multitasking
Performance
Amount of processors
How does the cache-memory affect a PC and what is it?
High speed memory next to CPU
Improves performance with more
How does the cache-disk affect a PC and what is it?
Data stored in RAM
Improves performance with more
How do different types of processors affect a PC?
64 bit - Fast can hold 1TB of RAM
32 bit - Slow can hold 4GB of RAM
What is ROM?
Read only memory
Non- volatile holds operating system
What is RAM?
Random access memory
Volatile stores data closer to CPU to increase performance
What is virtual memory?
Where the hard disk is used temporarily as RAM
What is a magnetic disk and what are it's advantages and disadvantages?
1 and 0 are assigned as magnetic fields for storage
+
High storage
Fast
Strong
-
Expensive
Not portable
What is magnetic tape and what are it's advantages and disadvantages?
1 and 0 are punched in to tape for storage
+
High storage
Cheap
-
Slow
Fragile
What is a CD and what are it's advantages and disadvantages?
1 and 0 are burned to the surface by a laser for storage
+
Portable
Cheap
-
Low storage
Fragile
Slow
What is a SSD and what are it's advantages and disadvantages?
Data is compressed and composed into a series of logic gates
High storage
Fast
Portable (USB) or Not portable (SSD
Strong (SSD) or Fragie (USB)
Expensive
What is cloud storage and what are it's advantages and disadvantages?
Storing data on a external sever accessible by the internet
+
High storage
Accessible anywhere
-
Requires internet
Could be hacked
Speed depends on internet speed
What does a modem do?
Allows data to be transferred over a phone network
What does modulation mean?
Converts data in to analogue
What does de-modulation mean?
Coverts analogue into data
What does ASCII stand for?
American standard code for information interchange
What is ASCII?
7 bit code that can hold 128 characters
What is Unicode?
16 bit code that can hold 65,536 characters
What is a truth table?
Shows all possible logical inputs and there associated outputs
What does a NOT gate do and what does it look like?
I-_
-------I _IO-------
I-
Gives the oppisite
What does a AND gate do and what does it look like?
Like a D with two inputs and one output
Only provides a 1 if two 1 are present
What does a OR gate do and what does it look like?
Like a banana with two inputs and one output
Gives a 1 if a 1 is present
Put 200 into binary
1100 1000
Put 79 in to hexadecimal
4F
What is a Character and how big is it?
1 byte and stores a character
What is a Integer and how big is it?
4 bytes and stores a whole number
What is a Real and how big is it?
8 bytes and stores a decimal number
What is a Boolean and how big is it ?
1 byte and stores True or False
What is a String and how big is it?
1 byte and stores a character which is pieced together with other characters to form a word
What is a bit ?
Either 1 or 0
What is a nibble ?
4 bits
What is a byte?
8 bits
What is a kilobyte?
1024 bytes
What is a megabyte?
1024 KB
What is a gigabyte?
1024 MB
What is a terabyte?
1024 GB
What is a petabyte?
1024 TB
What is a exobyte?
1024 PB
What is a zettabyte?
1024 EB
What is a yottobyte?
1024 ZB
How does a CPU decode a byte?
The first nibble in the operator (instruction) and the second nibble is the operand (data)
How does the CPU keep track of instruction?
By updating its program counter
Where does the CPU hold these instruction?
In the main memory
How is sound recorded?
Analogue is changed into binary to represent the curve
What is the sampling rate and what is it measured in?
Hz and how many sound samples are taken per second
What does a higher sampling rate give?
Smoother sound
What id the sampling resolution?
Audio bit depth
What does a high sampling resolution give you?
High quality recording and a large sound range
What is a pixel?
The smallest dot on a image
What is metadata?
The information on the images height, width and colour depth that comes in the file
What is resolution?
Amount of pixels per inch
What is colour depth?
Amount of bits per pixel
How many colours does 1 bit per pixel give?
2... Black and white
How many colours does 8 bits per pixel (1 byte) give?
256 colours
How many colours does a 16 bits per pixel (2 bytes) give?
65536 colours
What is a operating system?
A software that controls hardware and creates a user interface to run software
What are the 5 main parts of a operating system?
User interface
Multitasking
Peripheral management
Memory management
Security
What is a GUI
Graphical user interface
What makes a GUI so easy to use?
Windows and Icons (make it use to use) Menu and Pointers allow easy navigation.
WIMP
Who does a GUI suit and where is it used?
On a home or business computer. Suits a range of ability
What is a CLI?
Command line interface
Who uses a CLI and what for?
Advanced programmers.. to create new programs/coding
Whats a MDI
Menu driven interface
Who uses a MDI?
Machines like ATM and self checkout
Why are MDI useful?
There are only limited options
Easy to understand (users cant get lost)
Users cant break into the system
What 3 things does memory management control?
RAM
Cache
Virtual memory
How does memory management make a computer run more efficiently?
Free up memory
Optimises it
Controls which memory is used
What is a software driver?
Gives information to OS on how to control the peripheral
What the sequence for peripheral management?
OS -----> Software driver -------> Peripheral
What is multi-taking?
Allowing the user to have multiple windows open
