PC2 1.2.1 Intro to Infectious Diseases

Bactericidal agents are preferred for what patient population?

immunocompromised

post antibiotic effect (PAE)

use of ABs after infection is "gone"

inoculum threshholds & examples

high - >10^7, heart & vascular

med - >10^5, pulmonary

low - <10^4, bladder & skin

What clinical pieces do you use to make a diagnosis? (3)

1) s/s

2) testing

3) imaging - bones, lungs

What items in patient history can we take into consideration when forming a diagnosis? (2)

residence

social/travel history

Systemic signs & symptoms include... (5)

fever

tachypnea

tachycardia

hypotension

mental changes

Local signs & symptoms include... (5)

skin infection

pneumonia

colitis

UTI

meningitis

Lab tests used to determine an infection (3)

1) cbc w/ differential

2) WBCs

3) ESR, CRP - acute phase reactants

A ____% increase in band (immature, ____ shift) neutrophils indicates infection

10

left

List the stages in the drug prescribing timeline & what happens

1) prophylaxis - before

2) empiric - @ presentation

3) semi-targeted - after identification

4) targeted - after susceptibility testing

What are the 3 types of prophylaxis?

primary - initial prevention

secondary - prevent recurrence

tertiary (suppression) - decrease effects/spread

What are the 3 dose considerations?

1) PK/PD relationships

2) tissue penetration/drug accumulation

3) ROA

List the bactericidal antibiotics (Pretty, Fly Girls DAB)

polymyxin

fluoroquinolones

glycopeptides

daptomycin

aminoglycosides

b-lactams

List the bacteriostatic antibiotics (She Likes The Cool Moms)

sulfonamides

linezolid

tetra/tigecyclines

clindamycin

macrolides

Based on the spectrum, all of the bacterial groups are susceptible to imipenem except:

MRSA

The "R" in MRSA stands for resistant, so there is a _______ list of medications it's susceptible to

shorter

When monitoring for antibiotic efficacy, we should look at... (4)

s/s

susceptibilities

toxicity/ADEs

dosing/ROA adj.

List the 2 types of outcome failure

symptom

response

What can cause symptom failure? (3)

1) persistent fever/positive cultures

2) recurrence/reinfection

3) normalization of tests

What can cause response failure? (4)

1) inadequate dose/drug levels

2) unaddressed source of infection

3) non-infectious cause

4) resistant pathogen

List the pulmonary diseases & what pathogens cause them (SSH CLaMM)

1) CAP - Strep. pneumo, S. aureus, Haemophilus flu

2) Atypical (pneumo) - Chlamydia, Legionella, Mycoplasma

3) Tuberculosis - Mycobacterium