Histology 1 identify

What is this

Integral protein

Components of cell

Cytosol Organelles Deposits Cytoskeleton (CODC) (Components Of Da Cytoplasm)

The cytosol takes up what percentage of overall cell volume?

55%

The cytosol consists of what?

75-90% water

Large organic molecules (proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids) (suspended by electrical charges)

Small organic molecules (simple sugars and ions) (dissolved)

Inclusions (large aggregates of one material) (lipid droplets and glycogen granules)

What is the function of the cytosol

The site of production of ATP, synthesis of building blocks

What are ribosomes composed of, and what is their purpose?

Composed of rRNA, they can be free or attached, and their purpose is protein synthesis

Rough ER function

Has attached polyribosomes that synthesize and process proteins for export

Smooth ER function

Synthesizes phospholipids, steroids, fats, detoxifies harmful substances and stores calcium

Golgi complex function

Processes and packages proteins produced by rough ER

Mitochondria function

Generates ATP. Has an outer and inner membrane. Also has matric which is the site of DNA and RNA

Lysosomes function

Primary and secondary. Digest foreign substances and digest intracellular contents and recycles own organelles.

Centrosome function

Found near nucleus. Formation site for mitotic spindle and microtubules. Consists of 2 centrioles 90 degrees to each other. Each centriole has 9 clusters of 3 microtubules

Cytoskeleton

Cell support and shape, gives cell movement. Consists of actin filaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules

Nuclear envelope

Pores and double membrane

Nucleolus

Produces and organizes ribosomal subunits and exports them to cytoplasm

Nucleus

Houses genetic material which directs and regulates cellular activities and structures

Chromatin

Non-dividing nuclei; different degrees of uncoiling

Heterochromatin

(dark) type of chromatin, has less DNA SA

Euchromatin

(light) type of chromatin that has abundant DNA SA for transcription to occur

Chromosomes

Helical DNA wraps twice around 8 histone proteins to form a bead, and linker DNA holds beads together. Chromatin fiber folds again and again to form sister chromatids if cell is dividing

What is this?

Euchromatin

What is this?

Heterochromatin

What is this?

Nucleolus

What is this?

Nuclear envelope

Mitosis Phases

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis

Interphase

The cell grows, performs routine life processes, and prepares to divide

Prophase

Chromosomes are visible, nuclear membrane breaks down, spindle fibers begin to form

Metaphase

Sister chromatids line up at center of cell

Anaphase

Sister chromatids are pulled apart and move to opposite poles of the cell

Telophase

Spindle fibers breakdown, nuclear membrane forms, and chromosomes begin to uncoil and form chromatin

Cytokinesis

Cytoplasm splits in two and the cell divides

Epithelial Tissue

Covers surfaces. Lines hollow organs, cavities and ducts.

Connective Tissue

Material found between cells, supports and binds structures together, stores energy as fat, provides immunity to disease

Epithelial cells can form ___ or ___

glands that secrete or sheets

For epithelial cells, the base sits on ___

Basement membrane (faces connective tissue)

The upper surface for epithelial cells is called the ____

apical surface

Are epithelial cells vascular or avascular

Avascular

How do epithelial cells receive nutrients?

Diffusion from underlying connective tissue

Main functions of epithelial tissue

Cover, line, protect surfaces, absorption, secretion

Basal surface sits on ___

Basal lamina

What attaches basal lamina and epithelium to underlying connective tissue?

Type IV collagen fibers

Reticular lamina

deep to basal lamina and superficial to connective tissue. Secreted by connective tissue cells and consists of reticular fibers

The basement membrane is made up of ___

Basal lamina and reticular lamina

Microvilli

Part of cell membrane, increases SA, and looks like a brush border

Stereocillia

Part of cell membane, increases SA, longer than microvilli, branched clumps, only found in men in epididymis

Cilia

Long, larger than microvilli, motile and non-motile types, 9 pairs of microtubules surrounding 2 central microtubules

Zonula Occludens

Tight junction

Zonula Adherens

Adherens Junction

Macula Adherens

Desmosome

Hemidesmosome

Integrins

Nexus

Gap junctions

Tight junction functions

Seals adjacent cells to one another, controlling passage of molecules between them; separates apical and basolateral membrane domains

Adherens junction functions

Provides points linking the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells; strengthens and stabilizes nearby tight junctions

Whats this?

Peripheral protein

Whats this?

Glycolipid

Whats this?

Glycocalyx

Whats this?

Glycoprotein

Whats this?

Integral protein

What’s this?

Epithelium

Whats the orange

Basal lamina

Whats the yellow

Reticular lamina

What do both of these make up

Basement membrane

What’s on the apical surface?

Microvilli

What’s on the apical surface?

Microvilli

What is this?

Microvilli

What is this?

Microvilli

Microvilli purpose

Increase SA

What can microvilli on the top?

glycocalyx

Microvilli are a part of what?

Cell membrane

Whats this

Stereocilia

Stereocilia are a part of what

Cell membrane

Whats this

Whats on the apical surface

Cilia

What does the red represent

Zonula Adherens (Adherens junction)

What does the red represent

Macula Adherens (desmosome)

Whats the red represent

Nexus (gap junctions)

Whats the red

Hemidesmosome (anchoring junction)

Whats the red

Zonula Occludens (tight junction)

Whats this

Gap junction (nexus)

Epithelia Define

Specialized layers that may COVER or LINE the INTERNAL SRUCTURES or the EXTERNAL SURFACE of the body

What tissue does this consist of? Epidermis of skin

Epithelia

What tissue does this consist of? Lining of blood vessels and ducts

Epithelia

What tissue does this consist of? lining respiratory, reproductive, urinary and GI tract

Epithelia

What tissue does this consist of? thyroid, adrenal and sweat glands

epithelia

Epithelium functions

Transcellular transport - diffusion, protein mediated transport, vesicle mediated transport

Absorption

Secretion

Selective permeability

Protection (skin)

Pseudostratified epithelium

Single layer of cells where all cells don’t reach apical surface. Nuclei found at different levels

____ is the indicator of cell shape and layering

Cell nucleus

What type of epithelial cell

squamous

What type of epithelial cell

Cuboidal

Identify

Simple squamous epithelium

Identify

Simple Squamous epithelium

Identify

Simple squamous epithelium

ID

Simple squamous epithelium

ID

Simple squamous epithelium

ID

Simple cuboidal

ID

Simple cuboidal

ID

Simple cuboidal

ID

Simple Cuboidal

Simple cuboidal epithelium function

Absorption or secretion

Simple squamous epithelium function

Diffusion, allows transport of gases or fluids