Studied by 44 people
What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
B * blame- Germany must accept full blame for the war.
R *reparations- Germany must pay money for the war ($33 billion.)
A *army- Germany had to limit their army.
T *territory- Germany had to give up 25,000 square miles of land.
Who was Gavrilo Princip and what did he do?
Serbian nationalist who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand; Often considered the spark that started World War I
Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?
Great Britain
What were the 3 different types of business?
Sole proprietorship - single owner; assumes all risk, earns all profit
Partnership - more than one owner; ownership group shares risks, shares profits; splits responsibilities
Corporation - a business that is a separate entity from its owners; may sell shares of stock to investors to raise money for the company
What are the disadvantages of Mass Production?
Required large factories
Very repetitious jobs/work
Factories produced pollution
What socioeconomic class was created during the Industrial Revolution ?
The Middle Class (jobs such as accountants, engineers, mechanics, supervisors, managers)
What is Laissez Faire?
The new idea that government should not interfere in the market or economy
"hands-off"; "let it be"
Who was the first to develop the idea of the social contract between the people and their government?
Thomas Hobbes
Called for more education and opportunities for women during the Enlightenment
Mary Wallstonecraft
Who believed that people had natural rights of life, liberty, and property? (The man)
John Locke
Who created the separation of powers and believed in checks and balances?
Baron de Montesquieu
Promoted the ideas of freedom of speech and religion; supported the idea of tolerance for those with differing viewpoints
Voltaire
Who believed that people were good at heart and society corrupted people?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
What is the "Divine Right of Kings"?
When the king claims his power to rule comes from God
A time period between the 1620s-1780s where philosophers challenged the authority and reason for things; The Age of Reason
The Enlightenment
A period of violence after the French Revolution.
Reign of Terror
What are 3 economic motives for Imperialism?
Expand the economy, Raw Materials, and New Markets
What is Imperialism?
Expanding a country's power by using military power or diplomacy power.
What are some examples of the resistance against Imperialism?
Boxer Rebellion,
The Zulu fighting for 15 years,
Sepoy Mutiny.
Ethiopia vs Italy (Battle of Adawa)
What two African nations remained free and independent?
Ethiopia and Liberia
Why was Egypt valuable to the British?
It was valuable because of the Suez Canal which linked the Mediterranean with the Red Sea, shortening the trip from Europe to the Indian Ocean. Britain occupied Egypt to protect British interests in the Suez Canal.
What was the British East India Company and why was it so valuable?
It was a trading company that created to control trade between Britain, India and East Asia. It was valuable because it gave Britain a lot of land so natural resources and labor.
What was the "Open Door Policy"?
This allowed free trade in the Chinese ports under European control.
What was the Sepoy Mutiny and the Swadeshi movement?
Sepoy Mutiny was a rebellion against Britain by the Indian soldiers in the British army because they thought Britain wanted to eliminate Indian customs and Hindu completely.
Swadeshi movement was a boycott of British goods.
Who was the author of "The Wealth of Nations" and considered the "Father of Capitalism?
Adam Smith
What is an economic advantage of mass production?
factory system as means of production
manufactured goods are produced in large quantities
cheaper goods
faster production
easier to repair if something breaks/does not work
interchangeable parts
What is the definition of Militarism?
The mass build up of military supplies and personnel
What is the Alliance System?
The build up of agreements and alliances with other countries in an effort to counter the build up of certain countries
What was the purpose of Treaty of Versailles?
Peace treaty to end World War I
It was to disable Germany from becoming too powerful.
What are 3 political-military motives for Imperialism?
* expand land claims
* boosted national pride
* to get a stronger military
What are 3 cultural motives for Imperialism?
* "The White Mans Burden"
* the spread of Christianity
* Ethnocentrism
What happened during the Boxer Rebellion?
It began in 1899 when a group started attacking missionaries making the Chinese convert to Christianity.
What was the Opium War and its result?
The Chinese didn't want to trade with Europe creating a war of which the Chinese lost. The Chinese then had to sign treaties allowing them to sell Europe opium.
Name some disadvantages of the Industrial revolution?
Longer hours
Dangerous work
Unsanitary conditions
More repetitious jobs
Child Labor
Pollution
Low wages
Low-quality city housing (slums/tenements)
Name some advantages of the Industrial Revolution?
Increase in production
Lower prices
Many [New] jobs
Didn't need as many skills
New Products
More free time (leisure activities)
Increase in standard of living
Creation of the Middle Class
What is a Labor Union and what are its strengths?
Answer: An organization that supported workers' interests.
Strengths: Collective bargaining (the right to negotiate on behalf of a group of workers)
right to strike
Colony
A territory governed by a foreign power.
Protectorate
A territory that has its own government but is controlled by a foreign power.
What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference?
To establish the rules for the development of Africa. It also divided up Africa amongst the Europeans.
What countries were part of the Triple Entente?
France, Russia, and Great Britan
What countries were part of the Triple Alliance?
Germany, Austria Hungry, and Italy.
What were the four MAIN causes of WWI?
Militarism, Alliance System, Imperialism, and Nationalism.
Who were the Bolsheviks?
A small Marxist group who promised revolution change in Russia; led by Vladimir Lenin; took control of the Russian government in 1917
What were the Russians promised by the Bolsheviks?
Peace - Russia pulls out of WWI
Land - distribution of land to all people
Bread - End rationing and food shortages
Why did the United States enter World War I?
Unrestricted submarine warfare (sinking of the RMS Lusitania - carrying US passengers)
Zimmerman note. -secret plot to get Mexico to invade the U.S. to keep us out of the war
What form of government did philosopher Thomas Hobbes believe in?
Absolute monarchy.
What form of government did John Locke believe in?
Democracy.
What was the White Man's Burden?
Poem written by Rudyard Kipling after the Spanish-American War
Promoted the belief that Westerners were superior to other countries and that it was their responsibility to civilize those countries
How did World War I effect the home front?
Men went off to fight
Women took on jobs as nurses and in factories
Increase in production of military goods
Food and supply rationing
War bonds
Propaganda to gain support for the war
Some censorship to limit negative news
Who were some of the important "thinkers" of the Scientific Revolution?
Isaac Newton
Rene Descartes
Nicholas Copernicus
Absolute Monarchy
A government in which the king or queen has absolute power.
Constitutional Monarchy
A King or Queen is the official head of state but power is limited by a constitution
Power is sometimes shared with an elected assembly
Federal System
A government that divides the powers of government between the national government and state or provincial governments
Scientific Revolution
- An intellectual movement in Europe, initially associated with planetary motion and other aspects of physics, that laid the groundwork for modern science.
- Began in Europe,
- 16th-17th Centuries (1500's - 1600's)
- Many ideas led to The Enlightenment
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
French Revolution document that outlined what the National Assembly considered to be the natural rights of all people and the rights that they possessed as citizens
Outlined the basic principles of the French Revolution - Liberty, Equality, Fraternity
Napoleon Bonaparte
Overthrew the French revolutionary government (The Directory) in 1799 and became emperor of France in 1804. Failed to defeat Great Britain and abdicated in 1814. Returned to power briefly in 1815 but was defeated and died in exile.
Causes & Effects of the American Revolution
Causes: The causes were repeated taxation and the belief that colonies lacked representation in British government; unfair laws; inspired by Enlightenment ideas
Effects: Colonies won their independence,
Formation of the United States.
Influenced the French Revolution
Causes & Effects of the French Revolution
Causes:
- bad harvests/record cold/hunger
- high taxes
- Enlightenment ideas
- social inequality (3 Estates)
- An unorganized ruler (Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette)
Effects:
- Overthrow of the French monarchy
- Reign of Terror
- Rise of Napoleon
Social Darwinism
one of the justifications for imperial colonization
belief that European nations were culturally, politically, and economically superior to the developing and undeveloped nations of Africa and Asia
First Estate
The first class of French society made up of the clergy of the Roman Catholic Church.
Less than 1% of the population and paid no taxes
Subject only to Church laws
Second Estate
French nobility
Inherited wealth and ceremonial titles
less than 2% of the population and paid little in taxes
land owners
Third Estate
97% of the population (the rest of France) They consisted of the bourgeoisie, the san-culottes and the peasants; they paid high taxes and had no special privileges
Four factors of production
Land - All available natural resources
Labor - All available and & able workers (mental & physical)
Capital - Money, equipment, buildings and
anything needed to produce a product
Management - Person/people to oversee the other 3
factors
Some examples of the effects of Imperialism
The loss of land
Loss of culture
War / Conflict
Loss of freedoms
Disease
Loss of raw materials
Enlightenment influence on the Declaration of Independence
Natural Rights - inalienable rights
(Life, Liberty, Pursuit of happiness)
Social Contract - responsibility of a government to its citizens
Capitalism
An economic system based on private property and free enterprise. (Adam Smith)
Socialism
A system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls the major means of production and resources. Private ownership of small business/industry still exists; high taxes
Communism
Economic & political system that abolishes private ownership; command economy; usually run by a dictator; very few freedoms
Examples of new weapons during World War I
Submarines, automatic weapons, trench warfare, tanks, airplanes, poison gas, machine guns
Reasons for Russia joining World War I
Allies with Serbia; Agreed to help Serbia if Austria-Hungary declared war. Germany then declared war on Russia
Causes of Industrialization
New technology
Exploration meant new raw materials (increased sea power)
changes in farming technology
population growth/shifts
End of the cottage industry
Government support
