lecture 2 microbio

what is the cell theory

all living things are composed of cells

who reported that living cells are composed of little boxes, or “cells”

Robert Hooke

who observed and documented detail drawings of the first microbes

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

what is the second part of cell theory

A cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms

what is the third and most heavily debated part of the cell theory

all cells come from preexisting cells

what are the two opposing hypotheses regarding the origin of organisms

spontaneous generation and biogenesis

what is spontaneous generation

the hypothesis that life arises from nonliving matter; a “vital force” is necessary for life

what is biogenesis

the hypothesis that living cells arise only from preexisting living cells

who stated that living cells arise from preexisting cells

Rudolf Virchow

who demonstrated that microorganisms are present in the air

Louis Pasteur

what experiment did Francesco Redi do

filled jars with decaying meat

who did the boiled nutrient broth into covered flasks experiment

John Needham

what was special about the flask that Pasteur used in his experiment

s-shaped

what was the conclusion from Pasteur’s experiment

microorganisms originate in air or fluids, not mystical forces

what hypothesis did Pasteur disprove

spontaneous generation

what is fermentation

the microbial conversion of sugar to alcohol in the absence of air

T/F: Pasteur showed that microbes are responsible for fermentation

true

T/F: microbial growth is also responsible for spoilage of food and beverages

true

what is pasteurization

the application of a high heat for a short time to kill harmful bacteria in beverages

how did Pasteur demonstrate that we can kill harmful bacteria in beverages

heating up beverages, such as the alcohol in wine

who showed that a silkworm disease was caused by a fungus

Agostino Bassi

who should that another silkworm disease was caused by a protozoan

Pasteur

who advocated that handwashing would prevent transmission of puerperal fever from one patient to another

Ignaz Semmelweis

what chemical antiseptic did Joseph Lister use to prevent surgical wound infections

phenol

what is germ theory

specific micro-organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, cause specific infectious diseases