Ap computer science terms

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87 Terms

1

Citizen Science

Scientific research involving non-scientists who contribute data using their own devices.

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2

Cleaning Data

Process of standardizing data without changing its meaning.

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3

Correlation

Relationship between two data pieces and how one varies concerning the other.

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4

Crowdsourcing

Gathering information from a large online community.

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5

Information

Facts and patterns derived from data.

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6

Data bias

Data inaccurately representing the full population.

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7

Data filtering

Selecting a subset of data for analysis.

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8

Parameter

Variable in a function definition.

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9

Argument

Value passed to a parameter.

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10

Return

Used to go back to the calling point in a function.

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11

Procedural abstraction

Using procedures without knowing their internal workings.

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12

Library

Collection of functions for program creation.

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13

API

Specifications for library function usage.

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14

Problem

General task description solvable with an algorithm.

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15

Algorithm

Set of instructions for a task.

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16

Sequencing

Ordering steps in an algorithm.

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17

Selection

Choosing next steps in an algorithm.

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18

Iteration

Repeating steps in an algorithm.

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19

Efficiency

Measure of steps needed for an algorithm.

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20

Linear Search

Algorithm checking each list element sequentially.

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21

Binary Search

Algorithm dividing a sorted list to find a value.

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22

Reasonable Time

Algorithms with polynomial efficiency.

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23

Unreasonable Time

Algorithms with exponential or factorial efficiency.

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24

Heuristic

Provides a practical solution to a problem.

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25

Decision Problem

Problem with a yes/no answer.

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26

Optimization Problem

Problem finding the best solution.

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27

Undecidable Problem

Problem with no algorithm for a correct answer.

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28

Sequential Computing

Programs running commands in order.

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29

Parallel Computing

Programs running pieces simultaneously.

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Distributed Computing

Programs running on multiple devices.

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31

Speedup

Ratio of sequential to parallel task completion time.

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32

List

Ordered collection of elements.

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33

Element

Value in a list with a unique index.

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Index

Number referencing list elements.

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Iteration

Repeating steps in an algorithm.

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36

Infinite loop

Loop with a condition never becoming true.

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37

Traversal

Accessing each list item sequentially.

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38

Data abstraction

Simplifying data complexity.

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39

Expression

Combination of operators and values evaluating to a value.

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40

Assignment Operator

Changes variable values.

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41

Variable

Named reference to a value.

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42

String

Ordered character sequence.

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43

Boolean Value

True or false data type.

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44

Comparison Operators

Indicate Boolean expressions.

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45

Logical operator

Evaluates to a Boolean value.

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46

Conditional Statement

Executes based on Boolean expression.

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47

Function

Named set of programming instructions.

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48

Function Call

Executes function code.

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49

User Interface

Software interaction inputs and outputs.

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50

Input

Data sent to a program for processing.

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Output

Data sent from a program.

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52

Program Statement

Command or instruction.

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53

Program

Collection of statements running sequentially.

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54

Sequential Programming

Statements running in order.

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55

Event Driven Programming

Statements triggered by events.

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Documentation

Written code description.

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Comment

Program documentation not affecting execution.

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Pair Programming

Collaborative coding style.

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59

Debugging

Finding and fixing program issues.

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60

Development process

Steps to create software.

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61

Event

Action-triggered program input.

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62

Computing Device

Machine running programs.

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63

Computing System

Devices and programs working together.

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64

Computing Network

Interconnected devices exchanging data.

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65

Path

Connections between devices on a network.

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Bandwidth

Maximum data transfer rate.

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67

Protocol

Rules specifying system behavior.

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68

IP Address

Unique device number on the Internet.

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69

Internet Protocol (IP)

Data transmission protocol.

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70

Router

Forwards data across a network.

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71

Packet

Data chunk sent over a network.

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72

Redundancy

Extra components for system reliability.

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Fault Tolerant

System functioning despite component failures.

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74

HTTP

Protocol for web page transmission.

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Internet

Interconnected computer network.

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World Wide Web

Linked system of pages and files.

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77

Digital Divide

Unequal access to technology.

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78

Binary

Representation using two options.

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79

Bit

Basic unit of computer information.

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80

Byte

8 bits.

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81

Overflow Error

Error from representing a large number.

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82

Round-off Error

Error from overly precise number representation.

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83

Analog Data

Continuously changing data.

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84

Digital Data

Discrete data values.

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85

Sampling

Creating digital data from analog by measuring at intervals.

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86

Lossless Compression

Reducing data size without losing information.

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87

Lossy Compression

Reducing data size with some information loss.

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