Cold War & Communism in China

What was decided at Yalta?

Germany would be demilitarized, denazification

What was the purpose of the United Nations?

To promote international cooperation and to achieve international peace and security

What was the Truman Doctrine?

Us would send economic and military aid to democratic countries needing help after WW2

Who led communist in China?

Mao Zedong

What seperated north and south Korea?

38th parallel

Who took control of Cuba?

Fidel castro

What was the cuban missile crisis?

Soviet Union put missiles in cuba, US didn’t like that and it was the closest the US has ever come to nuclear warfare

What part of vietname was democratic

South

What was the downfall of communism in Germany?

The collapse of the Berlin and Soviet Union

Which two superpowers were involved in the Cold War?

US and Soviet Union

What was NATO?

An alliance to protect each other on invasion, north atlantic treaty organisation

glasnot and perestroika?

glasnost= freedoms of speech, religion, press etc.

perestroika= private buissness free market

What were some of the weaknesses of the Nationalists in China?

Inflation and failing economy

corrupt leadership

poor morale

Why did the peasants support the Chinese communists?

promises of land reform, protection from exploitation, social and economic equality, and access to basic necessities

What percent of China was rural prior to the communist revolution?

80% rural 20% urban

What was the Cultural Revolution?

A movement denouncing the old capitalistic and traditional ways of Chinese life, following great leap forward which failed to industrialize China and caused famine, destroy the “Four Olds”—old ideas, old customs, old culture and old habits

Who opened trade relationships between China and the US?

Richard Nixon

Why did students protest in Tiananmen Square?

Students protested for strike and reform from their communist leaders, to demand democracy

Why did HongKong erupt into protests in 2020?

To demand democracy and liberation from Chinas control

After WW2 what was the goal of most african leaders?

To fight for their freedom

What was the name of the movement celebrating African culture, heritage, and values?

Negritude Movement

How did Ghanians achieve independance?

Kwame Nkrumah lead boycotts on British products so they wouldn’t be financially rewarding and eventually they were liberated.

Who led the decolonization movement in Ghana?

Kwame Nkrumah

What was apartheid?

a system of legalized racial segregation in which one racial group is deprived of political and civil rights, white people the minority was held higher

Who helped eliminate apartheid in South Africa?

Nelson Mandela

Which country ruled India before it achieved independence?

Britain

Who led US and UN forces in the Korean War?

General Douglas MacArthur

Who led the Vietnamese independance movements against the US and France?

Ho Chi Minh

How did citizens feel about the Vietnam War?

-protest from draft.

-bombing campaigns

-violence and protests at Kent State

-War was extremely unpopular

How were the Vietnam War and Korean War similar?

The same ideological background, the confrontation of two super nations, the US and the USSR, and their economic and political systems

Why were Chinese communists successful over the Nationalists?

-Strong grass roots support

-superior military

-lots of weapons

Which large group in China supported the communists?

Red Guards

What was the competition to acheive superior spaceflight called?

Space race

What divided east and west germany?

The Berlin War

What social changes did Mao institute in China after 1949?

reshape the economy, took rural land made collective farms, set high production goals for industry, made communes for peasants to live together

How does China treat Tibet?

-badly

-torture

-cruel

-inhuman

-isolated

What was SALT and SALT 2?

Strategic arms limitation talks, Us and Soviet Union agree to limit their missile and weapon build-up, Salt 1 was signed, salt 2 was agreed but never ratified because of Soviet Union in Afganistan

Who tried to reform the USSR to be more efficient and productive?

Gorbachev

Who said, “Mr Gorbachev, tear down this wall“?

Ronald Reagan

What was the containment?

A strategy to prevent the spread of communism after the end of World War 2

What was detente?

An easing of tensions US and Soviet Union. begun by Nixon, more talks and treaties between them

What was brinkmanship?

Going as far as possible to war, to the end

What did Churchill mean when he claimed that an “Iron Curtain” had descended across Europe?

That there was a distinct line of opposing views, east backed by US was capitalist and West backed by Soviet Union was communist

What was the goal of the UN partition plan regarding Israel?

a Jewish state, an Arab State , and the City of Jerusalem, to be placed under an International Trusteeship system

What effect did Israel’s declaration of independance have on the region?

Israel becoming an independent nation, Arab nations invading Israel, and Israel acquiring more territory

What was the Warsaw Pact?

a collective defence treaty established by the Soviet Union and seven other Soviet satellite states in Central and Eastern Europe

What was the Marshall Plan?

provide foreign aid to Western Europe, economic recovery programs to Western European economies after the end of World War 2

What led to tension between the US and the USSR?

Us was capitalist, USSR was communist, completly different views

How did Lumumba help the Congo achieve independance?

he led a nationalist movement

What did Lumumba want for Congo?

To improve the quality of life and ensure their national identity

What difficulties did the US army face fighting the war in Vietnam? Specific, 3 examples.

-they were fighting a guerrilla war in unfamiliar jungle terrain,

-they were on the south vietnams side which was loosing support

-opposition of US citizens, from the draft and they just didn’t want to fight for no reason

Explain the impact of the cold war on Guatemala

Started with minority of europeans having power,

United Fruit company controlled most of the land

Socialists in Guatemala won elections from discontentment with the spread of land,

They gave more land to the peasants

The American business was mad, so they went to US and convinced them to help to contain communism in Guatemala

US sent rebels which overthrew the government leaving anti-communism regimes in place, which gave the land back to the United Fruit company

US thought it was a success which caused them to get bolder with doing this to other countries