cerebellum

what are the functions of the cerebellum

coordination

balance and equilibrium

muscle tone

motor learning

what is coordination

ability to use different parts of the body together smoothly and efficiently

what does coordination help connect

connect motor intention with actual motor output

what are the three parts of balance and equilibrium

anticipatory balance

reactive balance

midline orientation

what does muscle tone support

maintaining extensor tone against gravity

what does motor learning utilize

utilizes previously experienced incorrect motor patterns to help reduce the likelihood errors in movement will occur again in the future

what fossa is the cerebellum in

posterior

what is the cerebellum dorsal to

4th ventricle

pons

medulla

what separates the cerebrum and cerebellum

tentorium cerebelli

what is the relation term for the cerebellum in relation to the tentorium cerebelli

infratentorial

what separates the anterior and posterior lobe of the cerebellum

primary fissure

what does the posterolateral fissure do

separate the flocculonodular lobe from the posterior lobe

what are the parts of the flocculonodular lobe

flocculus

nodulus

what do the cerebellar hemispheres do for the cortex

input to/from the cortex

cerebellar hemispheres aka

cerebrocerebellum

the cerebellar hemispheres are involved in

planning and initiation of movement

what do the vermis and intermediate zones make up

the spinocerebellum

what does the vermis/intermediate zones input to

input to and from the spinal cord

what does the vermis help with

posture

proximal limb movement

eye movement

what does the intermediate zone do

integrate info for appendicular limb position and somatosensory input

flocculonodular lobe aka

vestibulocerebellum

what does the flocculonodular lobe input to

input to and from vestibular labyrinth

what does the flocculonodular lobe maintain

maintenance of equilibrium, balance and posture, vestibulo-ocular control

what does the superior cerebellar peduncle connect

midbrain to cerebellum/back and forth

what type of signals/fibers does the superior cerebellar peduncle deal with

primarily efferent, a few afferent

what does the middle cerebellar peduncle connect

pons to cerebellum

what fibers does the middle cerebellar peduncle carry

afferent fibers only

what does the inferior cerebellar peduncle connect

medulla to cerebellum, back and forth

what fibers does the inferior cerebellar peduncle carry

afferent and efferent

what does the cerebellum do to motor function

provides modulatory (inhibitory) effects on motor function

what are the origins of input for the cerebellum

pontocerebellar fibers

olivocerebellar fibers

spinocerebellar and vestibulocerebellar fibers

what are the pontocerebellar fibers involved in

planning and control of precise dexterous movements of the extremities

what are the contributors to the pontocerebellar fibers

PriMC, PriSC, visual cortex

also vestibular and auditory cortex

what are the olivocerebellar fibers involved in

motor learning and motor memory processes

what are the spinocerebellar and vestibulocerebellar fibers involved in

providing real time sensory feedback

what do the spinocerebellar pathways provide

subconscious proprioceptive info to cerebellum about limb movement

what are the upper extremity spinocerebellar pathways

cuneocerebellar tract

rostral spinocerebellar tract

what info does the cuneocerebellar tract deal with

afferent info about the UE/neck limb movementsfrom the intrafusal and joint receptors

what are the gyri/sulci of the cerebellum

folia

what info does the rostral spinocerebellar tract deal with

afferent info about activity of UE/neck from spinal cord interneurons from GTOs

what are the lower extremity spinocerebellar pathways

dorsal and ventral spinocerebellar tract

what info does the dorsal spinocerebellar tract deal with

afferent info about LE limb movement from intrafusal and joint receptors

what info does the ventral spinocerebellar tract deal with

afferent info about activity of the LE from spinal cord interneurons from GTOs

what does all cerebellar output travel through

deep cerebellar nuclei

vestibular nuclei

where are the vestibular nuclei

pons

what are the nuclei of the deep cerebellar nuclei

dentate

interposed

fastigial

what make up the interposed nuclei

emboliform

globose

what do the dentate nuclei recieve

projections from lateral cerebellar hemispheres

what do the interposed nuclei receive

projections from the intermediate zone

what do the fastigial nuclei receive

projections from majority of vermis and small part of flocculonodular lobe

what do the vestibular nuclei receive

projections from inferior vermis and majority of flocculonodular node

what are the four cerebellar input pathways

cuneocerebellar tract

dorsal spinocerebellar tract

ventral spinocerebellar tract

rostal spinocerebellar tract

what are the cerebellar output pathways

cerebrocerebellum

spinocerebellum (intermediate zone)

spinocerebellum (vermis)

vestibulocerebellum (inferior vermis and flocculonodular lobe)

what kind of effects does the cereberocerebellum pathway have

ipsilateral effects

what kind of effects does the spinocerebellum (intermediate zone) pathway have

ipsilateral effects

what kind of effects does the spinocerebellum (vermis) pathway have

ipsilateral and bilateral effects

what kind of effects does the vestibulocerebellum pathway have

ipsilateral and bilateral effects

lateral hemispheres have what

a self modulatory loop

GTO

golgi tendon organ

intrafusal fibers aka

muscle spindles

where does the nucleus dorsalis of clark span

c8-l2/3

what is the cerebellum a big exception to

cross over rule/decussation

right side controls right side

cerebellum does _____ effects

ipsilateral

what is weird about the ventral and rostral spinocerebellar tracts

decussate twice so its still ipsilateral effects

what do the superior cerebellar peduncles do to keep things ipsilateral

cross over

ventral ST is

lower body

rostral ST is

upper body

info for extremities goes thru

intermediate zone

info about eyes goes thru

vermis

things in the left cerebellum will project to which side motor cortex

right motor cortex

an aica stroke can block what

all three peduncles