UvA Sexology

Which of the following is true of sexual techniques?

A. The frequency of sexual intercourse between partners is remarkably stable across cultures
B. Cunnilingus is condemned in American culture
C. In societies that incorporate pain into sexual intercourse, it is most common for both men and women to mutually inflict pain on each other
D. Romantic sexual kissing is the most universal of sexual practices across cultures

C

According to data on social-class variations in sexuality in the U.S., which of the following is a true statement?

A. Historical associations of education and social class are misleading
B. Female college graduates are more likely to use the pill for birth control than are high school graduates, but only marginally
C. It may be true that a person's sexuality influences their social class, especially for women
D. The percentages of first marriages for men that are still intact after 20 years is much higher for college educated men than for men with a high school education or less

C

Which of the following is a general rule, across cultures, regarding the standard of attractiveness?

A. Having small ears and a small nose is considered attractive.
B. A plump woman is considered unattractive.
C. An attractive woman is a thin woman
D. A poor complexion is unattractive

D

Cross-cultural studies of human sexual behavior have shown that

A. different societies are no longer distinguished by their unique sexual practices.
B. developed societies are regressing to a more conservative outlook on sexuality.
C. human sexual behavior is primarily determined by biological makeup.
D. culture has a profound impact on sexual expression.

D

There are several species of mammals among which the males often mount other males, and anal intercourse has been observed in some male primates. The most likely explanation of this behavior is that

A. there is homosexual behavior among many species of mammals.
B. there is a scarcity of females in all species.
C. basic mammalian heritage is composed exclusively of heterosexual tendencies.
D. basic mammalian heritage is composed exclusively of homosexual tendencies.

A

In a particular year, news channels extensively reported the high-profile divorce of a celebrity while providing very little coverage of a hurricane in the same country. Thus, stories concerning the lives of celebrities were given more importance by the media than the destruction of lives and property. This example best illustrates which of the following types of media influence or phenomena?

A. Social learning
B. cultivation
C. ethnocentrism
D. framing theory

D

Across cultures, even when extramarital sex is permitted, it is subjected to regulations. Identify the most common pattern of restriction.

A. extramarital sex allowed for middle-aged couples
B. extramarital sex allowed for husbands but not wives
C. extramarital sex allowed as long as the married individuals are discreet about their infidelities
D. extramarital sex allowed for wives in the case that they have no children

B

Freedom from all forms of discrimination based on sex, sexuality, or gender is an example of a(n) ______ sexual right.

A. variable
B. affirmative
C. positive
D. negative

D

Cross-cultural studies of human sexual behavior show that

A. enormous variation in sexual behavior exists across cultures.
B. there is no variation in behavior across cultures.
C. variation in behavior across cultures can be attributed to differences in biological makeup.
D. variation in sexual behavior is completely dependent on drives and instincts.

A

Avid viewers of TV soap operas may begin to believe that sexual intercourse between unmarried individuals is mainstream because this is the most frequently shown sexual activity on these programs. Which of the following types of media influence is exemplified in this case?

A. agenda setting
B. cultural diversity
C. cultivation
D. sexual repression

C

Deena refrains from public displays of affection toward her husband, as this would pose a threat to her family name. Which of the following is the core Asian value relevant to sexuality depicted in this example?

A. marianismo
B. collectivism
C. ethnocentrism
D. machismo

B

Which of the following is an example of sexual behavior used for nonsexual purposes?

A. an individual renting a porn movie on a Sunday afternoon for physical stimulation
B. any individual engaging in sexual activity as an end in itself
C. a rapist using sex as an expression of power over a woman
D. an individual engaging in sexual intercourse when the female is potentially fertile

C

Which of the following is true about Henry Havelock Ellis?

A. He was a psychologist by profession.
B. He believed that women, like men, are sexual creatures.
C. He urged society to reject sexual deviation.
D. He was primarily interested in the study of sexually-deviant behaviors.

B

For the ancient Greeks, the norm of sexuality in their society was

A. open heterosexuality and repressed homosexuality
B. homosexuality
C. persecution of homosexuals
D. open acknowledgement of both heterosexuality and homosexuality

D

In virtually all mammalian species, females engage in sexual behavior

A. only when they are in "heat"
B. only when the male initiates it
C. about once a week
D. at regular intervals that are determined primarily by the availability of mature males

A

Which of the following examples illustrates a core value in Asian culture?

A. a man who engages in sexual intercourse with multiple partners
B. a man who shows restraint in his open expression of love and passion toward his wife
C. a woman who engages in an extramarital affair with a work colleague
D. a woman who puts her own needs before those of her family

B

Research on nonhuman species suggests that same-gender sexual behavior is

A. found only in primates
B. nonexistent in all other species apart from humans
C. found in many species
D. the predominant form of sexual interaction among nonhuman species

C

Which of the following is most likely to be the reason for lower marriage rates among African Americans?

A. African Americans are more concerned with building their careers than starting families.
B. Most African American women prefer not to get married.
C. There is an unequal gender ratio among Blacks, with men being in the majority.
D. African American men face obstacles in seeking and maintaining the jobs necessary to support a family.

D

Which of the following is true of sexuality among the people of the island of Mangaia

A. Masturbation is the only form of sexual activity undertaken by adolescents.
B. Foreplay is limited to kissing and fondling of the buttocks.
C. Boys learn about cunnilingus from male experts who perform the superincision ritual.
D. Premarital sex is essentially unknown.

C

As part of a traditional Mexican family, Juanita knows that she must refrain from premarital sex. It would shame her family if she lost her virginity before she was married. This example illustrates the concept of ______ in Latino culture.

A. huo yin yang
B. familismo
C. machismo
D. marianismo

D

Sharon, an American, states that a slim figure is the only standard of beauty that exists. Mia, her friend, states that being plump is considered attractive in certain cultures. Sharon disagrees with Mia and states that being plump is a sign of abnormality. In this case, Sharon's understanding of beauty is most likely influenced by

A. machismo
B. ethnocentrism
C. familismo
D. cultivation

B

sexual scripts

A. suggest that human sexual behavior is unpredictable and spontaneous.
B. have no significant impact on people's sexual expression.
C. tell us the meaning we should attach to a particular sexual event.
D. do not shape the sexual behavior of people.

C

The idea that many people refrain from public nudity and exhibitionism for fear of arrest and incarceration best illustrates that the law

A. has no significant impact on people's behavior.
B. exerts influence on sexuality through socialization of children.
C. gives people the freedom to express their sexuality.
D. is the basis for the mechanisms of social control.

D

Which of the following is true of sociobiology?

A. It creates a framework within which the economic stratification of society can be studied.
B. It assumes that people are entirely free and responsible for developing their own potential.
C. It is based on the assumption that human sexuality is the result of culture alone.
D. It tries to explain why certain patterns of sexual behavior have evolved in humans.

D

According to social learning theory, the two processes that are useful in explaining the development of gender-stereotyped behaviors are

A. existentialism and determinism.
B. positivism and negativism.
C. idealism and realism.
D. imitation and observational learning.

D

Evolutionary psychology has been criticized because

A. it allows for the fact that some traits displayed by humans may be simply "design flaws."
B. it believes that men and women are identical when it comes to their mating preferences.
C. it assumes that every characteristic that we observe must have some adaptive significance.
D. it does not give weight to the fact that emotional structures have evolved like human behavior.

C

Which of the following is true of the superego, according to Freud?

A. It operates on the reality principle.
B. It operates on the pleasure principle.
C. It is the conscience.
D. It is present only during infancy.

C

Social exchange theory

A. assumes that we have no freedom of choice and that all events in life are predetermined.
B. can predict conditions under which people try to change their relationships.
C. does not take the needs and obligations of people into account.
D. applies only to primitive, tribal societies and not contemporary, urban societies.

B

Which of the following is a shortcoming of social exchange theory?

A. It cannot explain selfless behavior such as altruism and martyrdom.
B. It applies only to women and not to men.
C. It does not take the equity of relationships into account.
D. It applies only to people from primitive, tribal societies.

A

Based on feminist theory, _____ refers to ways in which we perform gender or sexuality based on society's norms.

A. performativity
B. symbolic action theory
C. heteronormativity
D. intersectionality

A

Within the Freudian framework, a married man who has an extramarital affair even though he believes it is immoral is most likely to have a

A. strong ego.
B. strong id.
C. strong superego.
D. weak id.

B

Which of the following is true of queer theory?

A. It argues that sexual identities are fixed for an individual.
B. It assumes that heterosexuality is the only pattern of sexuality that is normal and natural in a society.
C. It argues that social norms privilege heterosexuality and marginalize other sexual orientations.
D. It supports the gender binary that separates people into male and female.

C

Which of the following is a criticism of sociobiology?

A. It rests on an outmoded model of evolutionary theory.
B. It does not consider the mating preferences of females.
C. It includes the survival of the group in its analysis.
D. It fails to value the importance of reproduction in survival.

A

The Oedipus complex

A. is resolved at the end of the oral stage.
B. is resolved at the end of the phallic stage.
C. occurs during the oral stage.
D. occurs before the oral stage.

B

______ is a learning process in which a previously neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus that reflexively elicits an unconditioned response. Eventually, the conditioned stimulus itself will evoke the response.

A. The Electra complex
B. The Oedipus complex
C. Classical conditioning
D. Operant conditioning

C

Maria is an advocate of feminist theory, while Stefan is an advocate of Darwin's theory of evolution. They are discussing the theoretical perspectives on sexual phenomena. Which of the following statements is Maria most likely to offer in support of her argument?

A. People are better off with gender roles.
B. Gender is a dimension of equality, just as race and social class are.
C. Women's sexuality has been vividly expressed.
D. Rape is an expression of men's power over women.

D

Studies on operant conditioning suggest that

A. delayed positive reinforcements are more effective than immediate positive reinforcements in shaping behavior.
B. punishments are not very effective in shaping behavior, as compared with rewards.
C. delayed punishments are more effective at eliminating behavior than immediate punishments.
D. punishments are more effective shapers of our behavior than rewards.

B

Which of the following is true of erogenous zones?

A. They are present only in males, not in females.
B. They are areas of the body that are completely insensate.
C. They are present only in females, not in males.
D. They are areas of the body that give pleasure when touched.

D

Which of the following is most likely an example of schema-consistent information?

A. a female taxi driver
B. a male carpenter
C. a male nurse
D. a female plumber

B

Freud was criticized by feminists because

A. he studied the sexual desires and preferences of women and not men.
B. he believed that girls were fixated on their mothers during the phallic stage.
C. he assumed women to be biologically inferior to men.
D. he believed that boys were hostile toward their mothers during the phallic stage.

C

Behavior modification

A. does not necessitate a detailed analysis of a person's personality.
B. is ineffective in the treatment of sexual disorders.
C. focuses on what unconscious forces motivate undesirable behavior.
D. cannot be used to treat children and adolescents.

A

In the context of the theoretical perspectives on sexuality, feminist theorists argue that

A. people are better off without gender roles.
B. the sexual experiences of all men are the same.
C. the sexual experiences of all women are the same.
D. women should have greater status and power in society than men.

A

A scientist distributes a questionnaire to the participants in a study of human sexuality. The questionnaire aims to capture the attitude of the participants toward homosexuality. Which of the following best describes the method of studying sexuality in this scenario?

A. eye-tracking
B. direct observations
C. self-reports
D. Implicit Association Test (IAT)

C

In an experiment, one group of men watched a sexually explicit video and another group watched a video about politics. After exposure to the videos, measures of sexual arousal were obtained for each video. In this study, the videos best represent the ______ variable.

A. random
B. measured
C. dependent
D. independent

D

A research study focuses on the sexuality of gays and lesbians in a population. Problems in sampling arise because many gays and lesbians are closeted, and some may even be in heterosexual marriages. Which of the following methods of data collection is most likely to be suitable for this study?

A. direct observations
B. magazine surveys
C. web-based surveys
D. face-to-face interviews

C

You want to measure the impact of the media in some way. You sample several advice columns found in the magazines Playboy and Playgirl and systematically code the various types of questions asked and the types of advice given. In this scenario, you are carrying out a(n)

A. cost-benefit analysis.
B. random probabilistic survey.
C. observational analysis.
D. content analysis.

D

Which of the following demonstrates enlargement in sex research?

A. a 44-year-old man who claims he has never had an extramarital affair when he has had several
B. a 16-year-old female student who claims that she is rarely attracted to her male classmates when she is actually often attracted
C. a 30-year-old woman who claims that she always experiences multiple orgasms during sex when she rarely has one
D. a 27-year-old woman who says she had two sexual partners in the last year when she actually had four

C

In order to study the sexual behavior of the people of Mangaia, a researcher lived for many months within the community. He directly recorded their behavior and also conducted several interviews. This method of research is accurately referred to as

A. the Implicit Association Test (IAT).
B. the participant-observer technique.
C. regression analysis.
D. a correlational study.

B

The findings of a research study on the sexual habits of adolescents are printed in a medical journal along with the names of those who participated in the study. In ethical terms, this study has violated the

A. principle of protection from harm.
B. cost-benefit principle.
C. justice principle.
D. principle of informed consent.

A

Jane wants to conduct research on the effects of certain foods on sexual performance. She finds a number of independent studies on this topic with contradictory results. Which of the following statistical methods is she most likely to use for merging the findings of all the previous studies on this topic?

A. sampling
B. survey method
C. meta-analysis
D. case study

C

A questionnaire for a sex study asks the respondents the total number of sexual partners they have had in their lives. Although John has had sex with only a single partner, John gives the total as ten. This is an example of

A. implicit association
B. causal inference
C. enlargement
D. concealment

C

According to a research study, women with higher levels of education are more likely to have a greater number of pregnancies that are terminated by abortion. This is indicative of a

A. negative correlation
B. correlation of 0
C. null hypothesis
D. positive correlation

D

In a study of sexuality, 500 possible participants were considered for a sample. These people were contacted and asked to participate in the study. Half of them agreed to participate. However, a majority of the participants were male. Which of the following problems is this study most likely to have due to high male participation?

A. concealment
B. observer bias
C. probability sampling
D. volunteer bias

D

The prostate

A. cannot be felt by rectal examination.
B. is composed entirely of glandular tissue.
C. secretes a milky alkaline fluid that is part of the ejaculate.
D. is fairly large at birth but shrinks during puberty.

C

Which of the following is true of the penis and the clitoris?

A. Unlike the clitoris, the penis is erectile.
B. Both the penis and the clitoris have a direct function in reproduction.
C. Unlike the penis, the clitoris has few or no nerve endings.
D. Both the penis and the clitoris have corpora cavernosa.

D

How are mammograms disadvantageous?

A. They are incapable of detecting small tumors.
B. They cannot detect cysts and fibroadenoma.
C. They can detect cancer only in its advanced stages.
D. They involve exposure to radiation, which is likely to increase the risk of cancer.

D

Which of the following is true of the hymen?

A. An annular hymen hinders menstruation.
B. An imperforate hymen has several openings.
C. The hymen is present in all females at birth.
D. Hymens are not reliable indicators of virginity.

D

Which of the following is true of breasts?

A. Breasts manufacture the sex hormones estrogen and progesterone.
B. Large breasts have a greater number of nerve endings than small breasts.
C. Small breasts are more erotically sensitive per square inch than are large ones.
D. Breasts have no reproductive or erotic functions.

C

Which of the following is true of cancer of the penis?

A. It is more common in circumcised men than in uncircumcised men.
B. It is the most common form of cancer in men.
C. It is thought to be related to the collection of smegma under the foreskin.
D. It cannot be treated by surgery or by radiation therapy.

C

The muscles of the myometrium in the uterus

A. are very weak and are incapable of expanding.
B. form the external cover of the uterus.
C. create the contractions of labor and orgasm.
D. are sloughed off during menstruation.

C

Which of the following is true of sperm?

A. Sperm can be injured by extremes of temperature.
B. Sperm are manufactured in the interstitial cells.
C. Sperm can survive unharmed in extreme temperatures.
D. Sperm are manufactured by the Bartholin glands.

A

Which of the following is true of the G spot?

A. It is located between the wall of the urethra and the wall of the vagina.
B. It is typically more sensitive than the clitoris.
C. It is homologous with the male penis.
D. It is an insensate spot on the vaginal wall.

A

Which of the following is true of the labia?

A. The labia majora are hairless folds of skin.
B. The labia minora are covered with pubic hair.
C. The Bartholin glands lie inside the labia majora.
D. The clitoral hood is formed by the labia minora.

D

Which of the following is true of adolescence?

A. In some cultures, adolescence does not exist.
B. It solely represents a biological transition from child to adult
C. Modern American culture has an unusually short period of adolescence.
D. A century ago, adolescence was much longer.

A

Which of the following statements regarding brain differentiation in males and females is true?

A. The primary sex-differentiated structure is the cerebellum.
B. Epigenetic changes that bring about gender differentiation in the brain occur only during postnatal development.
C. The hypothalamus and the amygdala are among the few brain structures that show gender differentiation.
D. The differences in the brain structures of males and females are "hardwired" differences present from birth.

C

Stacy is 18 years old. Though she had regular menstrual cycles previously, she has not experienced menstruation for the past 3 months. Her condition is known as

A. secondary dysmenorrhea
B. secondary amenorrhea
C. primary dysmenorrhea
D. primary amenorrhea

B

The testis-determining factor (TDF) is responsible for

A. differentiation of the Müllerian ducts into testes.
B. descent of the testes after differentiation.
C. differentiation of the Wolffian ducts into testes.
D. differentiation of gonads into testes.

D

Human females engage in sexual behavior

A. primarily in the middle of their estrous cycle.
B. throughout the menstrual cycle.
C. only when they are in "heat," like all other mammals.
D. only during menstruation, because they are least likely to become pregnant during this phase.

B

Which of the following may be a consequence of undescended testes in a male?

A. decreased likelihood of testicular cancer
B. inhibition of sperm production
C. increased testosterone production
D. increased motility of sperm

B

Hormones are

A. manufactured solely by the pituitary glands.
B. manufactured solely by the sex glands—the testes and the ovaries.
C. of only two types—androgens and estrogens.
D. secreted directly into the bloodstream.

D

The body temperature of a woman changes during the menstrual cycle. Her temperature

A. decreases during the luteal phase.
B. decreases on the day of ovulation.
C. decreases the day after ovulation.
D. increases during the follicular phase.

B

Which of the following statements about male and female hormone systems is true?

A. Only testosterone levels differ between men and women.
B. The ovaries and testes produce very different hormones.
C. Levels of progesterone are higher in women.
D. Levels of estradiol are higher in women.

A

Which of the following is most likely to result from increased levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in females?

A. decreased levels of estradiol
B. decreased levels of estrogen
C. increased levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
D. increased levels of luteinizing hormone (LH)

D

Gonad differentiation occurs

A. earlier for females
B. earlier for males
C. at the same time for males and females
D. during puberty

B

Which of the following is true about masturbation and menstruation?

A. Masturbation is not advised during menstruation because it may exacerbate the cramps.
B. Masturbation is dangerous because orgasm interferes with the uterine contractions necessary for menstrual flow.
C. Masters and Johnson suggested that fluids become congested in the pelvic region after an orgasm during menstruation.
D. Masters and Johnson suggested masturbation as a possible remedy for menstrual cramps.

D

A woman has a 30-day menstrual cycle. She has had a 30-day cycle since she began menstruating. She is most likely to ovulate on about day

A. 12
B. 20
C. 16
D. 24

C

At age 12, Anna is 5 feet and 2 inches tall, which makes her taller than most boys her age. In the context of the pubertal process, this is most likely due to the fact that

A. the growth spurt for boys is decreasing in length with each passing generation.
B. the growth spurt for girls occurs about two years before the growth spurt for boys.
C. the growth spurt occurs in girls but not in boys.
D. the growth spurt for girls tends to be longer than the growth spurt for boys.

B

Which of the following is true of menarche?

A. Girls lack a visible sign of having attained menarche.
B. There is a wide range in the age at which menarche occurs.
C. All girls tend to react positively to their first menstruations.
D. Menarche signifies that a girl is capable of becoming pregnant.

B

In an experiment, psychologist Diane Ruble divided her sample into three experimental groups. She measured their reactions to being given different information about their menstrual cycles. The group that reported more water retention, pain, and changes in eating

A. was taking birth control pills.
B. was given no information about the predicted date of menstruation.
C. was told that they were "premenstrual" and their period was due in 1 or 2 days.
D. was told that they were "intermenstrual" and their period was due in 7-10 days.

C

Research on performance—such as intellectual or athletic performance—generally shows that

A. no fluctuations exist over the cycle.
B. peak performance occurs around ovulation.
C. performance declines during menstruation.
D. performance declines just prior to menstruation.

A

One of your friends is in medical school. She tells you about a syndrome in which a genetic female develops ovaries normally as a fetus; however, due to the abnormal functioning of the adrenal gland, an excess amount of androgen is produced, resulting in external genitals that are partly or completely male in appearance. Your friend is unable to recall the name of the syndrome. You know it and are able to tell her that it is

A. Klinefelter's syndrome
B. cryptorchidism
C. congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
D. androgen-insensitivity syndrome (AIS)

C

Which of the following is correct regarding nutrition for a pregnant woman?

A. Her intake of folic acid has no effect on the fetus.
B. She should ensure that her diet is rich in iron.
C. She should ensure that her calcium levels are low.
D. Her diet should be free of magnesium.

B

Which of the following is an advantage of sperm banks?

A. Sperm banks allow fathers to have children even after a vasectomy.
B. Online sperm banks guarantee the accuracy of donor information.
C. Sperm banks allow women to be impregnated even after a hysterectomy.
D. Sperm banks make freezing sperm for long-term storage unnecessary.

A

Which of the following is true of the physical changes in a woman's body during pregnancy?

A. The increase in progesterone levels often leads to feelings of fatigue in pregnant women.
B. The increase in hormonal levels leads to a corresponding decrease in vaginal secretions.
C. The development of mammary glands causes the breast's areola to lighten and shrink in size.
D. The placenta causes a large decrease in the levels of estrogen and progesterone produced.

A

Which of the following is true of home births and hospital births?

A. Hospital birthing practices have changed a great deal, and their environments are much more homey and comforting than they once were.
B. Home birth advocates typically argue that home births are safer than hospital births.
C. Birth at home is not likely to be any more relaxed or less stressful than a hospital birth.
D. Roughly 5 percent of births in the United States take place in the home, as more and more mothers seek a comforting and relaxed environment for giving birth.

A

Which of the following is true of amniotic fluid?

A. It holds the fetus rigidly in one place.
B. It facilitates conception during ovulation.
C. It is an alkaline enzyme secreted by sperm.
D. It protects the fetus from possible injury.

D

Which of the following is true of an episiotomy?

A. It refers to the clamping of the umbilical cord.
B. It is a necessary procedure for all pregnant women.
C. It involves making a slit in the perineum.
D. It is usually conducted before the first stage of labor.

C

Which of the following is true of prolactin?

A. Prolactin inhibits the production of breast milk.
B. Prolactin stimulates the breasts to produce milk.
C. Prolactin is secreted by the thyroid gland.
D. Prolactin levels drop sharply in the weeks following delivery.

B

Which of the following is true of herpes simplex?


A. A delivery by C-section can prevent the infant from contracting the disease.
B. Women affected by it are at low risk of spontaneous abortion.
C. Pregnant women are immune to the virus, as are the infants they carry.
D. It is also known as rubella.

A

Which of the following is true of tubal pregnancies?

A. Tubal pregnancies may lead to spontaneous abortions.
B. Tubal pregnancies can easily be detected early.
C. Tubal pregnancies occur when the egg is implanted in the seminiferous tubules.
D. Tubal pregnancies pose no health risks for pregnant women or their fetuses.

A

What moves the egg along the fallopian tube?

A. flagellation by the egg
B. the contraction of the sphincter muscles
C. the force of the man's ejaculation
D. the action of the cilia lining the fallopian tube

D

Which of the following is true of marijuana use by pregnant women?

A. The legalization of marijuana in two states will decrease its use by pregnant women.
B. The effects of marijuana include increased gestational age.
C. The psychoactive chemicals in marijuana cross the placental barrier.
D. Unlike alcohol, the effects of marijuana on the fetus and child are independent of dose.

C

Which of the following functions does the placenta perform?

A. It halts the production of human chorionic gonadotropin.
B. It helps sperm fertilize eggs by dissolving the zona pellucida.
C. It acts as a barrier against all sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
D. It produces large quantities of estrogen and progesterone.

D

Which of the following is true of the intake of alcohol during pregnancy?

A. The consumption of alcohol has no impact on the intelligence of the fetus.
B. The inclusion of alcohol in the pregnant woman's diet has been found to be beneficial to the fetus.
C. Alcohol cannot affect the fetus because its nervous system is distinct from its mother's.
D. Alcohol consumed by the pregnant woman circulates through the fetus.

D

What best describes the accuracy of fertility websites and apps?

A. The overwhelming majority of those tested prove them to be very accurate relative to scientifically determined standards.
B. Apps are by far more accurate relative to scientifically determined standards than websites.
C. The overwhelming majority of those tested prove them to be inaccurate relative to scientifically determined standards.
D. Websites are by far more accurate relative to scientifically determined standards than apps.

C

Spontaneous abortions

A. are the results of psychological trauma in pregnant women.
B. always occur during the third trimester of pregnancy.
C. involve the termination of the fetus through medical means.
D. occur through natural causes, before the conceptus is viable.

D

Which of the following is true of treating infertility?

A. Infertility caused by a woman's failure to ovulate cannot be treated.
B. Infertility caused by varicoceles in the testes cannot be treated.
C. Fertility drugs fail to yield positive results in a majority of women who take them.
D. Infertility caused by blocked fallopian tubes can be treated with microsurgery.

D

"Hostile mucus" refers to

A. an abnormally heavy menstrual flow.
B. a stale substance secreted by Tyson's gland.
C. cervical mucus that blocks the passage of sperm.
D. testicular mucus that reduces a man's sperm count.

C

Which of the following is true of cesarean sections (C-sections)?

A. A woman who has undergone a C-section can never have a vaginal birth.
B. A C-section may be required if the umbilical cord prolapses.
C. A C-section is performed by making an incision in the perineum.
D. A woman who has undergone a C-section can never conceive again.

B

Which of the following is true of postpartum blues?

A. It is characterized by mood swings that last roughly two weeks.
B. It usually begins two to three months after giving birth.
C. It involves prolonged delusions and frequent hallucinations.
D. It is more severe and lasts longer than postpartum depression.

A