PSYB70H3 Flashcards

Psychology as a Science

Psychology as a Science

Systematic study of mind, brain, and behavior.

Scientific Methods

Observation, hypothesis testing, and evidence-based reasoning.

Interdisciplinary Nature

Influence of societal factors on behavior and processes.

Ethics in Psychology

Ensures well-being and rights of research participants.

Integrity and Honesty

Maintaining truthfulness in research practices.

Understanding and Empathy

Importance of empathy in psychological contexts.

Reliability

Consistency and accuracy in psychological research findings.

Unbiasedness

Striving for objectivity in research outcomes.

Curiosity

Drives inquiry and exploration in scientific research.

Compassion

Caring attitude towards individuals with psychological issues.

Land Acknowledgment

Recognizes indigenous peoples' connection to traditional land.

Indigenous Knowledge

Importance of indigenous perspectives in understanding world.

Colonization Impact

Reflects on effects of colonization on indigenous communities.

Ethical Violations

Acknowledges past exploitation in psychological research.

Informed Consent

Participants must be fully aware before participating.

Confidentiality

Protecting participants' private information in research.

Cultural Diversity

Respecting various cultural backgrounds in research practices.

Transparency in Research

Promotes accountability and trustworthiness in findings.

Participant Well-being

Prioritizing safety and comfort of research subjects.

Ethical Research Practices

Guidelines ensuring respect and integrity in studies.

Empiricism

Knowledge based on observed evidence and experimentation.

Evidence-based decision-making

Making choices grounded in empirical research findings.

Reciprocity in research

Mutual benefit for all stakeholders involved.

Cultural diversity in research

Respecting varied cultural perspectives in psychological studies.

Critical reflection

Analyzing personal values to enhance ethical awareness.

Basic Research

Generates new knowledge about mind and behavior.

Applied Research

Focuses on practical problem-solving and interventions.

Translational Research

Applies basic research findings to real-world applications.

Interdisciplinary Approach

Collaboration across psychology branches for new insights.

Research Skills

Essential for evaluating and applying research findings.

Societal challenges

Issues addressed by research to improve community well-being.

Frequency Claims

Describes prevalence of phenomena in specific groups.

Association Claims

Indicates relationships between two or more variables.

Causal Claims

Suggests one variable influences another directly.

Claim Type Identification

Determine claim type based on language used.

Research Methods Understanding

Investigate methods used to test research claims.

Informed Consent

Participants' agreement to partake in research ethically.

Ethical Safeguards

Guidelines ensuring ethical conduct in human research.

Psychological Inquiry

Scientific exploration of behavior and mental processes.

Research Validity

Assessing the accuracy and credibility of research claims.

Analytical Skills

Ability to critically evaluate and interpret research.

Intervention Development

Creating strategies based on research to address issues.

Ethical Awareness

Understanding moral implications in psychological research.

Ethical Research

Research conducted with respect for participants' rights.

Informed Consent

Participants must understand risks before agreeing.

Beneficence

Research should benefit participants and society.

Justice

Equitable inclusion avoids unfair burdens on groups.

Privacy

Protection of participants' private information is essential.

Integrity

Researchers must be truthful and avoid misconduct.

Responsibility

Researchers have duties to maintain ethical standards.

Tri-Council Policy

Guidelines for ethical research involving humans.

Ethical Dilemmas

Conflicts between ethical obligations and legal requirements.

Teenage Pregnancy Case

Dilemma of reporting underage pregnancy legally required.

Animal Research

Research involving animals raises significant ethical debates.

Veterinary Improvements

Animal research leads to better treatments for pets.

Psychological Insights

Animal studies enhance understanding of human psychology.

IACUC

Committee ensuring ethical standards in animal research.

Replacement

Use alternatives to animal research when possible.

Reduction

Minimize animal use by sharing resources.

Public Perception

Influenced by extreme cases like cosmetics testing.

Historical Violations

Past unethical practices inform current ethical standards.

Extra Safeguards

Animal research requires stringent oversight compared to humans.

Generalizability

Animal study results must be critically assessed for humans.

Lack of Consent

Animals cannot provide informed consent for research.

Core Principles

Six principles guide ethical research conduct.

Respect for Persons

Autonomy and informed consent are paramount.

Refinement

Implement procedures causing the least harm.

Legal Compliance

Research must follow local and federal laws.

Ethical Balance

Cost-benefit analysis in animal research.

Integrity

Accuracy, truthfulness, and honesty in research.

Data Fabrication

Inventing data to fit a hypothesis.

Data Falsification

Manipulating results by altering data.

Plagiarism

Using others' work without proper attribution.

Transparency

Openness in communicating research methods and risks.

Peer Review

Process ensuring only quality research is published.

High Rejection Rates

Up to 80% in some psychology journals.

Double-Masked Review

Reviewers and authors remain anonymous.

Pre-Registration

Documenting research plans before conducting studies.

Public Repositories

Open platforms for researchers to register studies.

Grant Applications

Initial documentation for funding proposals.

APA Manual

Guidelines for preparing psychology research articles.

Bias Reduction

Rules for language and participant demographics.

Constructive Evaluation

Assessing importance and quality of research.

Scientific Contribution

Reviewing supports advancement of scientific knowledge.

Open Science Principles

Encourages data sharing and reproducibility.

Privacy

Control over personal information access.

Autonomy

Participants make informed decisions about research.

Informed Consent

Voluntary agreement to participate in research.

Justice

Fair treatment of all research participants.

Historical Abuses

Examples include Tuskegee and Nazi studies.

Mandatory Reporting

Legal obligation to report certain findings.

Ethical Dilemma

Conflict between legal and ethical responsibilities.

Responsibility to Society

Duties researchers have towards societal welfare.

Research Risks

Participants must understand potential harms.

Research Question Design

Formulate questions minimizing age gaps among participants.

Informed Consent

Participants must understand reporting obligations clearly.

Participant Inclusion Criteria

Limit study to one member of problematic pairs.

Research Ethics Boards (REBs)

Committees reviewing research involving human participants.

Composition of REBs

Includes researchers, ethicists, and community members.

Purpose of REBs

Ensure research risks are comparable to daily life.