Pankow Deck, Psych/Soc MCAT

cause and effect

reciprocal relationship

Microsociology

The study of human behavior in contexts of face-to-face interaction.

What are the first 3 stages of the sleep cycle called?

Non-REM sleep

What if the 4th stage of the sleep cycle called?

REM sleep

Gender fluid

Moving across gender

Demographic Transition Model: Stage 3, Death Rates _______, Population is __________, birth rates ___________

Death rates ↓ population is slowly growing, birth rates ↓

What does Construct Validity mean?

Does it do what it is supposed to do

Caste System

Very little social mobility, Role is determined

Within-subjects design/repeated-measures design

When a participant is exposed to every level of the independent variable.

Why does

Within-subjects design/repeated-measures design give you higher power?

You are using more "subjects" in your study by using the same person in difference conditions, you decrease individual difference effects

Working backwards

When we start with a goal and use it to suggest connections back to the current state

Consciousness is the awareness of our _____ and _______.

Self, Environment

Smell synapses at the _________

Orbitofrontal Cortex

The trial + error method of problem solving is __________

Taking random guesses until something works

What is implicit bias?

attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions in an unconscious manner

N3 stage of sleep

Slow wave sleep, declarative memory storage, delta waves, and sleepwalking/sleeptalking

Mesopic vision

occurs at dawn or dusk and involves both rods and cones

Effects of Amphetamines/Methamphetamines

Release dopamine, block dopamine reuptake, and cause feelings of euphoria

Means-end analysis

Break down large problems into smaller problems and tackle the problem that has the most difference between the current state and goal state

Example of means-end analysis

Planning a trip to a new country, the biggest problem would be to get to the new country - so you book a plane ticket to a new country

Criterion validity?

Is the test itself valid? Can it predict a certain outcome

Infants in the sensorimotor stage gather information through _______ and ___________

Senses (sight, smell, taste, touch) and motor function (learn how to move body)

Piaget's First Stage of Cognitive Development

Sensorimotor Stage

Piaget's Second Stage of Cognitive Development

Preoperational Stage

Piaget's Third Stage of Cognitive Development

Concrete Operational Stage

Piaget's Fourth Stage of Cognitive Development

Formal Operational Stage

Age of Sensorimotor Stage

birth to 2 years

Age of Preoperational Stage

2-7 years

Age of Concrete Operational Stage

7-11 years

Age of Formal Operational Stage

12 and up

Somatosensation of temperature is called ______

Thermoception

Authoritarian parenting

Very strict, break will of child, punishment

Effects of Opioids

Decrease CNS function, Decrease Heart Rate, Decrease BP, act as analgesics, Vasodilate

Decreased Activity in the R hemisphere =

Euphoria

Decreased Activity in the L hemisphere =

Depression

Retrieval

Pulling something out of long-term memory and bringing it to conscious memory

Delta waves are associated with ______ and ______

Deep sleep and comas

The stapes is attached to the _______

oval window, pushes in when vibrating

Phosphodiesterase decomposes _____ into ________

cAMP into AMP

What is face validity?

Would an idiot say the test is valid?

Homophilous social networks is similar to [...] group

Reference

Experimental study

Involve manipulation of variables

_______ movements aim to change some aspect of society

Activist

___________ movements resist change

Regressive/Reactionary

What refers to a research perspective that considers how experiences from earlier in life affect outcomes later in life?

Life course theory

Concentration segregation

Form of segregation where there is a clustering of different groups (Latinos, Blacks, Jewish)

Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation

Experiment done to try to understand why some kids have stranger anxiety and some don't

Nicotine is a CNS _______

Stimulant

___________ memory includes sensory information you actually process and consists of what you are thinking about in the moment

Working

Where is the origin of Acetylcholine?

Frontal Cortex

Hypochondriac

a person who is abnormally anxious about their health

Utilitarian organization

People are paid for their work

Businesses and government jobs are an example of _______

Utilitarian organization

A problem solving method that includes a logical step-by-step approach that is guaranteed to find the correct solution eventually

Algorithm

Post-acute withdrawal usually lasts ________

2 years

What cue requires internal knowledge to understand?

Endogenous cue

Somatosensation of position is called ___________

Proprioception

Where does light from the right side of the visual field hit?

Right nasal retina and left temporal retina

___________ is produced in the ventral tegmental area in the midbrain for use in the mesolimbic system

Dopamine

Effects of Benzodiazepine

Enhance brain's response to GABA, induce sleep, reduce anxiety

_________ is when prior exposure to a stimulus unfavorably influences the response to the same stimulus

Negative priming

Three types of nerve fibers

A-beta fibers, A-delta fibers, and C fibers

What is the minimum intensity of a stimulus needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time

Absolute threshold of sensation

Duel coding hypothesis

Its easier to remember words associated with images

What is ANOVA

analysis of variance is used to compare three or more means

________ bends light so it goes to the back of the eyeball

Lens

The lens focuses light specifically on the ______

Fovea

Discrimination magnet

Certain groups may face discrimination, based on their race/gender/sexual orientation/etc

Heterogamy

Marriage between 2 culturally different individuals

Polygyny

More than 1 wife

Exurbs

Beyond suburbs, prosperous areas outside the city where people live and commute to work

Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis

the idea that when we feel empathy for a person, we will attempt to help that person for purely altruistic reasons, regardless of what we have to gain

Polycystic kidney disease is a _______ problem

Genetic

_________ is when we move from a current state to a goal state

Problem Solving

Gender Queer

Don't identify as either male or female

Spotlight model of attention

We take info from 5 senses but don't pay attention to everything

Create new schemas or adjust our schemas to incorporate new information

Accommodation

Social rewards, status, position are awarded to individuals based on their own ability to work is _______-

Meritocracy

What does a P value need to be for it to be considered statistically significant?

Under 0.05

Hearing adaptation

Contracting our inner ear muscle to dampen vibrations and protect the tympanic membrane

Conservative strategy (Signals)

Always say no unless you're 100% sure there is a signal present

Primary role of Hypocritin/Orexin

Sleep and arousal

What stage do you work on impression management?

Backstage

What is modernization theory?

All countries go from traditional to modern societies

Culture

A way of life shared by a group of individuals

Society

a group of interdependent people who have organized in such a way as to share a common culture and feeling of unity

Fat people mating with other fat people

Assortative mating

Socialism

Motivated by what benefits society as a whole, common ownership of production that focuses on human needs and economic demands

Exchange theory

Using rational choices in social interactions

Serial position effect

We are better at remembering things at the beginning and end of a list

Why is REM sleep also called paradoxical sleep?

It has brain activity similar to being a wake

Episodic buffer

A connector for information to be stored in long-term memory

External Validity

Can the results be generalized to other situations?

______ vision occurs at high light levels

Photopic

Explain the glass ceiling effect

Women/minorities are poorly represented in higher positions in companies

What is goal displacement?

Rules become more important than the goals of organization

Source amnesia

You can remember a piece of information but can't remember where it came from

Rods or Cones: Which has a slower recovery time

Rods

After Brown vs. Board verdict, girl in integrated school still doesn't feel welcome in her classroom

Past-in-Present Discrimination

Approach-Approach Conflict

2 options and both are appealing