Exam 1 Lecture 4 - Ectoparasites

ECTOPARASITES

those that live on the “external” surfaces

term for Lice infection

PEDICULOSIS

term for Mites infection

ACARIASIS

term for flies infection

MYIASIS

• animals can become infested with developing larva

common name for Cuterebra spp. ​

Warbles or Bots, "wolfworm"

what animals are related to Cuterebra spp. ​

• rabbit bots

• rodent bots

• dogs bots

• cats bots

removal of the Cuterebra spp. ​larva is usually performed to prevent

irritation & infection

Cuterebra spp. ​life cycle

1. Flies lay eggs around rabbit burrows or runs​

2. Eggs hatch

3. larvae penetrate the skin of the host​

4. An air hole develops in the skin​

5. Eventually, the larva comes out of the skin and pupates in the soil

Two types of heel flies

1. Hypoderma lineatum

2. Hypoderma bovis​

Heel flies

• Myiasis inducing (fly larva that migrate and develop in tissues​)

• Activity based on environmental temperature​

• Cause decrease in gains and milk production, as well as carcass and hide damage in cattle. Can even cause death.

Larval stages of heel flies called

grubs or warbles

Hypoderma Bovis life cycle​

1. lays its eggs one at a time around the animal

2. hatch in several days and penetrate the skin

3. migrate through the tissues for 4-6 months

4. spend 2-4 months in the epidural fat

5. migrate to the mid-back region where they cut breathing holes in the skin.

Hypoderma lineatum​ life cycle

1. lays rows of eggs just above the hoof.​

2. larva migrate through the tissues for a few months

3. goes to the esophagus for a few months

4. then penetrates the skin on the back

5. After they finally come out of the hole, the burrow down in the soil to pupate

scientific name for sheep nasal fly

Oestrus ovis​

sheep nasal fly life cycle

1. Flies deposit first stage larva around nares​

2. larva Enter nasal cavity

3. migrate to sinuses to complete their development​

4. Sheep sneeze and sometimes have nasal discharge because of larva feeding on mucous membranes​

5. ​Leave nostrils or are sneezed out to pupate in soil​

Scientifc name for Horse Bot Fly

Gasterophilus intestinalis

where do Horse Bot Fly larva mature

In horse stomach

where are the Horse Bot Fly eggs laid

• legs

• shoulder area

What can the Horse Bot Fly infections result in

• Mouth ulcers

• gum ulcers

• fatal stomach perforation

scientific name for sheep keds

Melophagus ovinus

What is one of the most important external parasites of sheep​

• sheep keds

• Melophagus ovinus

Sheep Keds characteristics

• Wingless flies

• Obligatory parasite

what does Obligatory parasite mean

have to spend entire life on the host

What can sheep Keds infections cause

• Wool damage

• skin irritation

• anemia if present in large numbers (blood feeders) ​

what can sheep Keds transmit

• Trypanosoma melophagium

• protozoal parasite

Lice general characteristics

• Year around problem with small animals

• more of a winter problem with large animals​

• Itchy, poor haircoat

• possibly anemia​

• High degree of host specificity!​

• Can act as vectors for other diseases (viruses, bacteria, fungi, cestodes)

Lice general life cycle

• Females can lay up to 8 eggs/day (“nits”)​

• 1 week for egg hatch​

• Nymph emerges

• nymph attaches to hair shaft and molts 3 times​

• Feed several times/day

Sucking lice

Anoplura

what type of head does Anoplura sucking Lice​ have

narrow head

Biting Lice

Mallophaga

what type of head does Mallophaga biting Lice​ have

wide head

Linognathus setosus

• dog

• Anoplura sucking Lice​

Haematopinus eurysternus

• short-nosed cattle louse

• Anoplura sucking Lice​

Trichodectes canis

• dog

• Mallophaga biting Lice​

Damalinia sp.

• ruminants and horses​

• Mallophaga biting Lice​

where do Demodex mites live

• hair follicles

• sebaceous glands​

What species is Demodex mites most common in

Dogs

Demodex canis

demodex mites for dogs

How do demodex mites transmit

close direct contact

what can Demodex mites infections cause

• alopecia

• scaling of the skin

• mange

how do you diagnose Demodex mites

by skin scraping

common name for Sarcoptes mites

SCABIES

what species can you see sarcoptes mites in

pigs, dogs, cats, horses, cattle, and humans

where are sarcoptes mites adults found

• Adults burrow into the skin

• can be found on the skin surface

what can sarcoptes mites infections cause

severe pruritis

notable features of sarcoptes mites

• round

• stubby legs

how is sarcoptes mites transmitted

direct contact

how is sarcoptes mites diagnosed

multiple deep skin scrapings

common name for Psoroptes

ear mites

what species is Psoroptes​ mites found in

rabbits

how is Psoroptes​ mites transmitted

• direct contact

• contact with infested material

what can Psoroptes​ mites infections cause

• pruritis

• alopecia

• thick & wrinkled skin

notable features of Psoroptes mites

• round bodies

• longer legs than sarcoptes spp.

common name for Otodectes cynotis

ear mites

what 2 species is Otodectes cynotis mites commonly found in

• dogs

• cats

what can Otodectes cynotis​ mites infections cause

• pruritis

• dark wax w/ infection

what do Otodectes cynotis​ mites look like

• light colored against the dark wax

• round head shape

how do you diagnose Otodectes cynotis​ mites

make slide of ear debris in mineral oil

common name for Notoedres cati

• feline scabies

• cat ear mites

what can Notoedres cati mites infections cause

• see problems on the ears, face, and back of the neck​

• intense pruritis

• sarcoptic mange

• hyperkeratosis (thickened skin)

• alopecia

• crusts

what do Notoedres cati adult mites look like

• stubby legs

• chubby

what species is Cheyletiella spp.​ mites commonly found in

dogs, cats, rabbites

common name for Cheyletiella spp.​ mites

walking dandruff

how is Cheyletiella spp.​ mites transmitted

direct contact

what do Cheyletiella spp.​ mites feed on

epidermal debris

does Cheyletiella spp.​ mites cause pruritis in animals

• no

• but zoonotic

• itchy for people

how is Cheyletiella spp.​ mites diagnosed

cellophane tape preparation

what do Cheyletiella spp.​ mites look like

• flaky skins

• fans

• surface feeds

what species is Chorioptes​ mites commonly seen in

• mostly cattle

• also sheep, goats, horses

where do Chorioptes​ mites live on

surface of the skin

how is Chorioptes​ mites transmitted

by direct contact

what part of the cow’s body is mange seen from Chorioptes bovis​ mites

tail and leg mange in cattle

common name for TROMBICULA SP.

chiggers

which stage of the TROMBICULA SP.’s life cycle is parasitic

• only larval stage

• all other stage scrawl around in nature

is TROMBICULA SP. zoonotic

No, not zoonotic

what species does TROMBICULA SP. affect

birds, mammals, reptiles