foot and ankle lab study guide

OIA of Gastrocnemius

• Gastrocnemius 

  • Origin: medial and lateral condyle of the femur 

  • Insertion: calcaneus

  • Action: plantar flexion and knee flexion 

OIA of Tibialis anterior

• • Orgin: lateral condyle and prominal ⅔ of the tibia 

  • Insertion: medial cuneiform and 1 metatarsal 

  • Action: dorsiflexion and inversion 

OIA of Tibialis posterior

• • Origin: posterior tibia and fibula 

  • Insertion: navicular, cuneiform, base of 2-4 metatarsal, and cuboid 

  • Action: plantar flexion and inversion 

Tibia

Fibula

Medial malleolus

Lateral malleolus

Calcaneus

Talus

Navicular

Cuboid

1st (medial) Cuneiform

2nd (intermediate) cuneiform

3 (lateral) cuneiform

1-5 metatarsal

1-5 phalanges

Tibiofibular syndesmosis

• Resistance forces axial, rotation, and translational force

• Accommodates ankle movement during the dorsiflexion. Allow for a slight widening of space between tibia and fibula for small amount of external rotation

Talocrural joint

Action: is a hinge trope joint that allow the ankle joint to do 50 degree plantar flexion and 15-20 degree dorsiflexion

Subtalar joint

Eversion and inversion (helping the foot absorb shock and adapt to uneven surfaces during walking and running.)

Medial Longitudinal Arch

Important for shock absorption is located on the medial side of the foot and extends from the calcaneus to talus, the navicular, and the three cuneiform, and the distal ends of the three medial metatarsals

Lateral longitudinal arch

Important fo balance Located on the lateral side of the foot and extends from the calcaneus to cuboid and distal ends of the fourth and fifth metatarsal

Transverse arch

Assist with adapting the foot to the ground and extends across the foot from the first metatarsal to fifth metatarsal

Metatarsophalangeal joints (1-5)

Flexion and extension

Abducts and abduction

Promixal Interphalangeal joints

Flexion and extension

Distal Interphalangeal joints

Flexion and extension

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Extensor hallucis longus

MACs DF, PF, Inversion and eversion

Dorsiflexion:

• Extensor hallucis longus

• Perseus tertius

• Extensor digitorum longus

• Extensor hallucis longus

• Tibialis anterior

Plantar flexion

• Gastrocnemius

• Soleus

• Achilles tendon

• Pernous longus

• Peroneus brevis

• Flexor digitorum longus 

• Flexor hallucis longus 

Inversion

• Tibialis anterior 

• Tibialis posterior 

• Flexor digitorum longus 

Eversion

• Peroneus longus 

• Peroneus brevis

• Peroneus tertius