foot and ankle lab study guide

What is the origin of Gastrocnemius?

medial and lateral condyle of the femur 

What is the insertion of Gastrocnemius?

Insertion: calcaneus

What is the action of Gastrocnemius?

Action: plantar flexion and knee flexion 

What is the origin of Tibialis anterior?

lateral condyle and promixal ⅔ of the tibia 

What is the insertion of tibialis anterior?

medial cuneiform and 1 metatarsal

What is the action for Tibialis Anterior?

dorsiflexion and inversion 

What is the origin of Tibialis posterior?

posterior tibia and fibula 

What is the insertion of tibialis posterior?

Navicular, cuneiform, base of 2-4 metatarsal, and cuboid

What is the action of tibialis posterior?

Plantar flexion and inversion

What is the origin of Soleus?

Posterior tibia and fibula

What is the insertion of soleus?

Calcaneus

What is the action of Soleus?

Plantar flexion

What is the origin of Achilles Tendon?

Gastro and soleus tendon

What is the insertion of Achilles Tendon?

Calcaneus

What is the action of Achilles tendon?

Plantar flexion

What is the origin of peroneus longus?

Proximal 2/3 of fibula

What is the insertion of Peroneus longus?

1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

What is the Action of Peroneus longus?

Eversion and plantarflexion

What is the origin of Peroneus brevis?

Distal 2/3 of the fibula

What is the insertion of Peroneus brevis?

metatarsal

What is the action of Peroneus brevis?

Eversion and plantarflexion

What is the orgin of peroneus tertius

1/3 thirds of fibula

Insertion of Peroneus tertius

Fifth metatarsal

Action of Peroneus tertius

Eversion and dorsiflexion

What is origin of Extensor digitorum longus?

Lateral condyle of tibia and anterior fibula

Insertion of Extensor digitorum longus

Toes 2-5

Action of Extensor digitorum longus

Toes (3-5) extension and dorsiflexion

Origin of Extensor hallucis longus

Anterior tibia

Insertion of Extensor hallucis longus

First base of distal phalanges

Action of Extensor hallucis longus

Dorsiflexion and toes extension

Origin of flexor digitorum longus

Posterior tibia

Insertion of Flexor digitorum longus

Distal phalanges toes 2-5

Origin of Flexor digitorum longus

Posterior tibia

Action of flexor digitorum longus

Plantar flexion and toes flexion

Origin of flexor hallucis longus

Distal 2/3 of the fibula

Insertion of flexor hallucis longus

Base of distal phalanges

Action of flexor hallucis longus

Plantar flexion and toes flexion of 1st toes

Tibia

Fibula

Medial malleolus

Lateral malleolus

Calcaneus

Talus

Navicular

Cuboid

1st (medial) Cuneiform

2nd (intermediate) cuneiform

3 (lateral) cuneiform

1-5 metatarsal

1-5 phalanges

Tibiofibular syndesmosis

• Resistance forces axial, rotation, and translational force

• Accommodates ankle movement during the dorsiflexion. Allow for a slight widening of space between tibia and fibula for small amount of external rotation

Talocrural joint

Action: is a hinge trope joint that allow the ankle joint to do 50 degree plantar flexion and 15-20 degree dorsiflexion

Subtalar joint

Eversion and inversion (helping the foot absorb shock and adapt to uneven surfaces during walking and running.)

Medial Longitudinal Arch

Important for shock absorption is located on the medial side of the foot and extends from the calcaneus to talus, the navicular, and the three cuneiform, and the distal ends of the three medial metatarsals

Lateral longitudinal arch

Important fo balance Located on the lateral side of the foot and extends from the calcaneus to cuboid and distal ends of the fourth and fifth metatarsal

Transverse arch

Assist with adapting the foot to the ground and extends across the foot from the first metatarsal to fifth metatarsal

Metatarsophalangeal joints (1-5)

Flexion and extension

Abducts and abduction

Promixal Interphalangeal joints

Flexion and extension

Distal Interphalangeal joints

Flexion and extension

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Extensor hallucis longus

MACs for DF, PF, Inversion and eversion

Dorsiflexion:

• Extensor hallucis longus

• Perseus tertius

• Extensor digitorum longus

• Extensor hallucis longus

• Tibialis anterior

MACs of PF

Plantar flexion

• Gastrocnemius

• Soleus

• Achilles tendon

• Pernous longus

• Peroneus brevis

• Flexor digitorum longus 

• Flexor hallucis longus 

Mac’s for inversion

Inversion

• Tibialis anterior 

• Tibialis posterior 

• Flexor digitorum longus 

MACs of eversion

Eversion

• Peroneus longus 

• Peroneus brevis

• Peroneus tertius