Muscular System - Anatomy Lecture Final 2

What are the functions of muscle?

Movement - convert ATP into mechanical E

Stability - maintain tension on joints (posture/anti-gravity)

Control openings/passages - mouth, eyes, sphincters

Heat production - 85% body heat

What are the 3 muscle types?

Skeletal muscle

Cardiac muscle

Smooth muscle

Where is skeletal muscle located? Voluntary or involuntary?

attached to bones (voluntary)

Where is cardiac muscle located? Voluntary or involuntary?

heart (involuntary)

where is smooth muscle located? Voluntary or involuntary?

viscera, blood vessels (involuntary)

What are the 4 connective tissue components of skeletal muscle?

Endomysium - surrounds muscle fiber

Perimysium - surrounds fascicle (bundle of muscle fibers)

Epimysium - surrounds muscle

Fascia - separates muscles/muscle groups

What do tendon connect?

connects muscle to bone

What is aponeurosis (muscle attachment)

broad tendon sheet

EX: palmar aponeurosis

What is retinaculum (muscle attachment)

band of CT that covers tendons like a “little bracelet”

EX: Flexor retinaculum

Define origin

attachment at stationary end

Define Insertion

attachment at mobile end

Define Belly

thick, middle part of muscle

Define action

movement produced by muscle

What is the role of Prime Mover?

the muscle that produces most force during an action

What is the role of Synergist?

muscle that aids prime mover

What ids the role of Antagonist?

muscle that opposes action of prime mover

What are the 3 rules of muscle?

1. Muscles PULL, they never Push

2. Muscle bellies rarely lie over what they move (muscles cross at least 1 joint)

3. Muscles are generally arranged in pairs or groups that oppose each other

Define Rectus

Muscle fibers run vertically

EXL rectus abdominis

Define Oblique

Muscle fibers run at angle

EX: external abdominal obliques

Define Transverse

Muscle fibers run horizontally

EX: transversus abdominis

What is the action of the Extensor digitorum?

extends digits

What is the action of the Erector Spinae?

extends trunk

Muscles that Elevate pull on what?

pull on superior surface

Muscles that Protract pull on what?

pull on anterior surface

Muscles that Retract pul on what?

pull on posterior surface

Define rotator cuff

tendons hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity

What are muscles in anterior, flexors or extensors?

flexors

What are muscles in posterior, flexors or extensors?

extensors

Muscles that move arm insert on what bone(s)?

insert on humerus

Muscles that move forearm insert on what bone(s)?

insert on radius or ulna

Carpi = ?

wrist

Digitorum = ?

digits

Adductors insert how on thigh?

insert medially on thigh

Abductors insert how on thigh?

insert laterally on thigh

Muscles that move leg at knee inserts on what bone(s)?

insert of leg (tibia/fibula)