Studied by 73 PeopleLearning
Tags & Description
Learning
change in behavior due to experience
Classical (or Pavlovian) Conditoning
learning the relationship between environmental events (when the bell rings, dogs salivate)
Operant Conditioning
behavioral conditioning (our own behavior and its consequences)
Ivan Pavloc
physiologists, dog saliva experiments, noticed that dogs learned environmental cues relating to food
Before conditioning, an unconditioned stimulus equals in a
unconditioned response
During conditioning, a neutral stimulus plus an unconditioned stimulus equals in a
unconditioned response
After conditioning, conditioned stimulus equals in a
conditioned response
You get an ache in your mouth when you hear the drill at the dentists, even before it touches you/you see it, what is the unconditioned stimulus in this example?
Pain from drill
You get an ache in your mouth when you hear the drill at the dentists, even before it touches you/you see it, what is the unconditioned response in this example?
Cringing from pain
You get an ache in your mouth when you hear the drill at the dentists, even before it touches you/you see it, what is the conditioned stimulus in this example?
sound of drill
You get an ache in your mouth when you hear the drill at the dentists, even before it touches you/you see it, what is the conditioned response in this example?
cringing to the sound of drill
Aquisition trial
conditioned stimulus paired with unconditioned stimulus
Novel Stimulus
using a "new" stimulus the organism hasn't seen before
Extinction
the weakening and disappearance of a learned response
Spontaneous recovery
The reappearance of a learned response after its apparent extinction
Generalization of stimulus
responding to similar stimuli (ex. another note on a piano)
Discrimination
learning not to respond to other stimuli (the other note on a piano)
Evaluative conditioning
attempt to manipulate emotions through classical conditioning
What is classical conditioning in Ads?
link the product with something that produces happiness, (ex. a beautiful woman)
What was the little Albert Study?
Part one: 11 month old named Albert put on a table and watson takes a rat and puts it in from of albert, albert doesn’t have a fear of the rat (neutral stimulus) -Part two: they ring a gong right behind albert whenever he sees the rat, obviously the gong upsets him,now he starts to cry when he sees a rat, or anything related to the rat(generalizations)(ex. fuzzy beard, fluffy coat, cotton balls)
Counterconditioning
pair the conditioning stimulus with something new that produces a totally different response
What is taste aversion?
survival mechanism, if you ate something and got sick, your body will make you think it’s toxic so you don’t eat it again, martin seligman discovered it
Why did John Belucci overdose?
He was unconscious, his gf noticed it was his time to do coke, so she administered his usual dose of coke to him, he overdosed and died, because he was unconscious, his body didn’t have the environment it usually did for doing coke, (like building up tolerance) unusual dose can kill you more likely
Skinner box
small chamber where something can be done, put rats in a box, wait for them to hit a bar for food or an electric shock, control discriminative stimuli
Reinforcement
makes behavior more likely to occur
Punishment
makes behavior less likely to occur
Primary reinforcer
strengthens behavior, satisfies a biological need. (ex. food/sex)
Secondary reinforcer
organism learns that the reinforcer is connected with the primary reinforcer, it gets you the primary reinforcer, ex. money, good grades
Positive Reinforcement
presentation of reinforcing stimulus "positive" means something added to the environment
Negative Reinforcement
removal of unpleasant stimulus
Positive reinforcement causes the conditioned response to
happen more
Negative Reinforcement causes the conditioned response to
happen more
Punishment causes the conditioned response to
happen less
Acquisition
organism acquired behavior followed by reinforcement
Shaping
reinforce successive approximations, ex. training animals
Extinction
disapearance of a learned behavior
classical
when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus
operative
when the behavior occurs but is no longer followed by reinforcement
Extinction Burst
uptick in the behavior that happens right after the behavior is withdrawn
Discriminative stimulus
environmental cues indicating the probable consequence of a behavior
Continuous
every time the behavior happens, the consequence happens
Intermittent(partial)
consequences not every time the behavior occurs
Fixed Ratio
a reinforcer is given for every x number of responses
Ratio
based how many times the behavior occurs
Variable Ratios
reinforcer is given after some variable number of responses, varies
Fixed Interval
specified amount of time
Variable interval
varies along some average, but has a varying time interval
Interval
based on a time interval
What schedule gives the fastest responses?
ratio schedules