Theories of Acids and Bases

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Hydrogen atoms are made of what?

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1

Hydrogen atoms are made of what?

protons and electrons

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2

What forms when Hydrogen Atoms lose an electron?

they form H+, made of a proton

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3

What happens during a reaction for it to be a Bronsted-Lowry Reaction?

proton transfer

  1. reactant loses H⁺

  2. product gains H⁺

    1. product needs a lone electron pair

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4

How are acids defined in terms of the ions they produce in aqueous solutions?

Acids produce H⁺ ions

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5

How are bases defined in terms of the ions they produce in aqueous solutions?

they produce OH⁻ (hydroxide) ions

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6

What is neutralization in terms of ions?

a reaction where H⁺ ions and OH⁻ ions combine to form water, with the leftover cation and anion forming a salt

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7

What is an acid in terms of H⁺ ions?

  • a proton donor

  • loses H⁺ ions

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8

What is a base in terms of H⁺ ions?

  • a proton acceptors

  • gains H⁺ ions

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9

What happens to H⁺ ions in water?

They react with water molecules to form hydronium ions, H₃O⁺(aq)

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10

What do bases generally contain?

at least one atom with one or more lone pairs

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11

The equation for the neutralization of sulphuric acid, with potassium hydroxide is shown below:

H2SO4 (aq) + 2 KOH (aq) → K2SO4 (aq) + 2 H2O (l)

Deduce the Bronsted-Lowry acid and base in the reaction

H2SO4 (aq) - acid

KOH (aq) - base

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12

Why are acid-base reactions reversible?

The proton transfer can occur in either direction

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13

How do acid-base pairs differ?

They differ by one proton, with the acid having one more than the base

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14

What is a conjugate acid-base pair?

A conjugate acid-base pair consists of a pair where one species acts as an acid (donates H⁺) and the other as a base (accepts H⁺)

<p>A conjugate acid-base pair consists of a pair where one species acts as an acid (donates H⁺) and the other as a base (accepts H⁺)</p>
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15

Label the conjugate acid-base pairs in the following reaction: CH3COOH (aq) + H2O (aq) H3O+(aq) + CH3COO-(aq)

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