Muscles of the shoulder and arm

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Biology

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43 Terms

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retraction of scapula

Move medial border towards the vertebral column

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Protraction of scapula

Moving medial border away from the vertebral column

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elevation of scapula

Pulling scapula superiorly (shrugging shoulders)

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Depression of scapula

Pulls scapula inferiorly/down

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Rotation of scapula

Changing angle of glenoid cavity

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Muscles from the Axial Skeleton to the Pectoral Girdle-Posterior

Trapezius, Levator scapulae, Rhomboid major, and Rhomboid minor

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Trapezius muslce

-O: Superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, and spinous processes of C7 and T1-T12
-I: Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
-A: Elevates, retracts, and depress scapula
-Inn: Accessory n (CN XI)

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Levator scapulae

-O: Vertebrae
-I: Scapula
-A: Elevates scapula
-In neck area

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Rhomboid minor

-O: Vertebrae
-I: Scapula
-A: Retracts scapula
-Smaller and superior

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Rhomboid major

-O: Vertebrae
-I: Scapula
-A: Retracts scapula
-Bigger and inferior

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Muscles from the Axial Skeleton to the Pectoral Girdle -Anterior

Serratus anterior and pectoralis minor

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Serratus anterior

-O: Lateral surface of ribs 1-8
-I: Anterior surface of medial (vertebral) border of scapula
-A: Protracts scapula, holds scapula against thoracic wall, and rotates scapula
-Inn: Long thoracic n
-"Boxers muscle"

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Pectoralis minor

-O: Ribs
-I: Coracoid process of scapula
-A: Protracts scapula and elevates ribs when the scapula is stationary to assist in inhalation

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Paralysis of what muscle results in "winging of the scapula"?

Serratus anterior

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Damage to what nerve will give you "winged scapula'."?

long thoracic nerve

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Muscles from axial skeleton to humerus

pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi

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Pectoralis major

-O: Medial half of clavicle, sternum, and costal cartilage of ribs 2-6
-I: Greater tubercle of humerus
-A: Adducts and medially rotates arm (shoulder)
-Inn: medial pectoral n and lateral pectoral n
-Front of chest

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Latissimus dorsi

-O: Spinous processes of T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, and iliac crest
-I: Floor of intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove) of humerus
-A: Adducts, extends, and medially rotates arm (shoulder)
-Inn: Thoracodorsal n

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Muscles from the Pectoral Girdle to Humerus

Subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, teres major, and deltoid

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What muscles are rotator cuff muscles?

Subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor

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Subscapularis

-O: Subscapular fossa of scapula
-I: Humerus
-A: Medially rotates arm (shoulder)

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Supraspinatus

-O: Supraspinous fossa of scapula
-I: Humerus
-A: Abducts arm (shoulder)
-Inn: Suprascapular n
-Responsible for first 30 degrees of abduction of arm

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Infraspinatus

-O: Infraspinous fossa of scapula
-I: Humerus
-A: Laterally rotates arm (shoulder)

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Teres minor

-O: Scapula
-I: Humerus
-A: Laterally rotates arm (shoulder)
-Inn: Axillary n

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Mnemonic for Rotator Cuff muscles

Sits

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functions of rotator cuff muscles

-Provide stability for the joint
-Help hold the head of humerus in the joint

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What would happen if you cause trauma to the rotator cuff muscles?

The glenohumeral joint would be destabilized and more prone to dislocation

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Teres major

-O: Scapula
-I: Humerus
-"Latt's little helper" (does same things as latissimus dorsi)

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Deltoid

-O: Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
-I: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
-A: Anterior part=Flexes and medially rotates arm
Middle part= Abducts arm
Posterior part= Extends and laterally rotates arm
-Inn: axillary n

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Muscles of anterior compartment of the arm

coracobrachialis, biceps brachii (long and short head), brachialis

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Compartment rule for anterior arm muscles

-A: flexors (of what depends on what joint they cross)
-Inn: Musculocutaneous n

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Biceps brachii

-O: Short head= Coracoid process of scapula
Long head= Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula (runs through intertubercular sulcus)
-I: Radial tuberosity and deep fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis
-A: Flexes forearm when forearm is supinated, supinates forearm, and slight arm flexion
-Inn: Musculocutaneous n

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Coracobrachialis

-O: Coracoid process of scapula
-I: Middle of humerus (medial side)
-A: Flexes and adducts arm (shoulder)
-Inn: Musculocutaneous n

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Brachialis

-O: Distal half of anterior surface of humerus
-I: Ulnar tuberosity (front of ulna)
-A: Flex forearm (elbow)
-Inn: Musculocutaneous n
-Major flexor of forearm

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Muscles of posterior arm

Triceps brachii (Long, lateral, and medial head)

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Compartment rule of posterior arm

-A: major extensor
-Inn: Radial n
-I: Olecranon process of ulna

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triceps brachii long head

-O: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
-I: Olecranon process of ulna
-A: Extends forearm
-Inn: Radial n

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Triceps brachii lateral head

-O: Posterior surface of humerus superior to radial groove
-I: Olecranon process of ulna
-A: extends forearm
-Inn: Radial n

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Triceps brachii medial head

-O: Posterior surface of humerus inferior to radial groove
-I: Olecranon process of ulna
-A: extends forearm
-Inn: Radial n

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What is the strongest flexor of forearm?

brachialis

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What is the strongest abductor of the arm?

Deltoid

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What muscle is responsible for helping you climb and is also the strongest extensor of the arm?

Latissimus dorsi

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What muscle does the most work for shrugging your shoulders?

Trapezius