Anatomy Lecture Pre-Assesment #2

If a cell lacked centrioles, it would be unable to ______.

direct the movement of chromosomes during cell division

The cell theory states that _____.

cells are structural “ building blocks

Which of the following is a cylindrical structure composed of short microtubules?

centriole

Cells float in a watery medium called ______.

Extracellular fluid (ECF)

The nucleus of a cell _____.

is surrounded by a double layered membrane

Renewal or modification of the plasma membrane is the major function of which organelle?

Golgi body

Small, finger-shaped projections of the plasma membrane that increase cell surface are termed _______.

microvilli

A ______ moves a cell through the surrounding fluid, rather than moving the fluid past a stationary cell.

flagellum

Large areas of opposing plasma membrane may be interconnected by transmembrane proteins called _____, which bind to each other and to other extracellular materials.

cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)

The general functions of the plasma membrane include _____.

all of the answers are correct

_______ are slender strands, usually composed of the protein actin.

Microfilaments

A passive process that allows the passage of small inorganic ions and molecules, gases, and lipid-soluble materials in all cell types is called diffusion.

True

In the nucleus, what is the special protein to which DNA strands are bound?

Histone

Because the plasma membrane restricts some substances and permits others through, it is referred to as being _____.

selectively permeable

______ are common inclusions in the cytosol of fat cells.

lipid droplets

Processes involved in the movement of substances across a membrane at the expense of ATP, via exchange pumps, are classified as ______.

active transport

______ help stabilize the plasma membrane structure and maintain its fluidity.

sterols

Why are microtubules considered among the non-membranous organelles?

they do not have their own enclosed membrane

The ______ is the organelle that synthesizes the components of ribosomes.

nucleolus

The protein-synthesizing organelles are the _____.

ribosomes

Which organelle determines the structural and functional characteristics of the cell by controlling protein synthesis, determining what proteins are synthesized, and in what amounts?

nucleus

Which of the following synthesizes the components of ribosomes?

nucleolus

Peripheral proteins are attached to the surface of the plasma membrane, while _____ are embedded within the membrane.

integral proteins

How do peripheral proteins contribute to the structure of the plasma membrane?

They are attached to either the inner or outer surface of the membrane.

Using the image above, what is the anatomical term for the Label I?

cytoskeleton

Which of the following describes phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

the phospholipid tails are hyrdophobic

Which cellular operation occurs in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

synthesis of carbohydrates and lipids

Using the diagram above, the letter “_____” increases the cell surface area and the letter “_____” synthesizes ATP.

A;S

______ increase surface area to facilitate absorption of extracellular materials.

microvilli

The endoplasmic reticulum is the organelle responsible for the synthesis of secretory products for intracellular storage and transport.

True

The viscous, superficial coating on the outer surface of the plasma membrane is called the _____.

glycocalyx

Which of the following is a function of microtubules?

being part of the spindle apparatus

Substances that enter the cell usually do so through the _____.

Integral proteins

Channels in the plasma membrane that can open or close to regulate the passage of water, small ions, and water soluble molecules are called _____ channels.

gated

Which statement describes how the plasma membrane is used in communication and sensitivity?

it acts as the site for the attachment of glycoproteins and glycolipids, which act as receptos for molecules present in the extracellular fluid.

Microtubules, thick filaments, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments are all part of the cell’s _____.

cytoskeleton

Endocytosis is an energy requiring process where vesicles are packaged with extracellular material for importation into the cell.

True

Which of the following is a non-membranous organelle?

centriole

Using the diagram above, what is the anatomical term for Label K?

cytoskeleton

An active process for transporting extracellular fluid, such as water and small molecules, across a plasm membrane is ______.

pinocytosis

Using the diagram above, what is the anatomical term for Label A?

microvilli

Which of the following is another name for cytosol?

intracellular fluid

Which type of cell junction attach an epithelial cell to extracellular structures?

hemidesmosomes

What is the term for the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a low solute concentration to a high solute concentration?

osmosis

Carbon dioxide moves through the plasma membrane through the process of _____.