Interior of Earth and Movements Practice Flashcards

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering Earth's interior layers, discontinuities, rotational and revolutionary movements, seasons, time zones, latitudes, longitudes, and the Coriolis force based on the lecture notes.

The radius of the Earth is approximately __________.

$$6370\,km$$

Earth's interior structure and material can be inferred from __________, which reach Earth from space.

Meteors

The phenomenon where different gravity readings help find the distribution of mass in the Earth's crust is called __________.

Gravity Anamoly

The most important indirect source for understanding the Earth's interior is __________ activity, specifically secondary waves.

Seismic

The deepest drill in the world is the __________, reaching a depth of $12\,km$ in the Arctic Ocean.

Kola

Configuring the surface of the Earth occurs largely because of __________ processes.

interior

Landscape is shaped by both __________ and endogenic forces.

exogenic

The __________ core is solid because of high pressure and Very dense materials.

Inner

The outermost solid layer of the Earth, which is brittle and has a density of about $3\,gm/cm^3$, is the __________.

CRUST

Oceanic crust is thinner and composed of __________ (Silicon and Magnesium).

SiMa

Continental crust is thicker and composed of __________ (Silicon and Aluminum).

SiAl

The thickness of continental crust is approximately __________ in Himalayan regions.

$$70\,km$$

The upper portion of the mantle, extending up to $400\,km$ and serving as the main source of magma, is the __________.

Asthenosphere

The __________ consists of the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle, ranging from $10-200\,km$.

Lithosphere

The outer core of the Earth is in a __________ state.

Liquid

The core is primarily made of NiFe, which stands for Nickel and __________.

Fe (Iron)

The density of the inner core ranges from __________.

$$5-13\,g/cm^3$$

The maximum depth of the lithosphere is found at the __________ in the Pacific Ocean.

Mariana Trench

The discontinuity that separates the Earth's crust from the mantle is the __________ discontinuity.

Mohorovicic

The __________ discontinuity separates the outer core from the inner core.

Lehmann

The __________ discontinuity separates the mantle from the core.

Gutenberg

The __________ discontinuity is found within the crust, separating acidic granite from basic basalt.

Connard

The __________ discontinuity separates the upper mantle from the lower mantle.

Repiti

Earth takes __________ to complete one rotation.

$23$ hrs, $56$ min, $41$ sec

Earth rotates in a direction from __________ to __________.

West to East

While angular velocity is constant, the linear velocity of Earth's rotation is maximum at the __________.

equator

The linear velocity of Earth's rotation is minimum at the __________.

poles

Earth's rotation causes the daily cycle of __________ and night.

day

If there were no rotation, there would be no day-night cycle and no __________ or sunset.

sunrise

The Earth is tilted at an angle of __________ about its axis.

$$23.5^\circ$$

The Earth forms an angle of __________ with the plane of its orbit.

$$66.5^\circ$$

If the Earth had no tilt, there would be no __________.

seasons

The Earth takes __________ to complete one revolution around the sun.

$365$ d, $5$ hrs, $48$ min, $45.51$ sec

Revolution combined with tilt is responsible for the shifting of __________ belts.

wind

The period of a geostationary satellite is __________.

$24$ hrs

When the sun is over the Tropic of Cancer, the __________ Hemisphere experiences days longer than nights.

NH (Northern)

The vernal equinox, when days and nights are equal, occurs on __________.

21st March

The summer solstice in the northern hemisphere occurs on __________.

21st June

The autumnal equinox occurs on __________.

23rd September

The winter solstice, where the night is largest in the northern hemisphere, occurs on __________.

22nd December

__________ is the term for the maximum distance between the Sun and Earth.

Aphelion

Aphelion occurs on __________.

4th July

The maximum distance between the Sun and Earth is __________ km.

$152$ mn

__________ is the term for the minimum distance between the Sun and Earth.

Perihelion

Perihelion occurs on __________.

3rd January

The minimum distance between the Sun and Earth is __________ km.

$147$ mn

A __________ spring tide occurs when the distance between the Moon and Earth is at its minimum of $357000\,km$.

Perigee

An __________ spring tide occurs when the distance between the Moon and Earth is at its maximum of $406000\,km$.

Apogee

A solar eclipse occurs on a __________ moon day.

new

A lunar eclipse occurs on a __________ moon day.

full

A __________ moon is based on its red glow during a total lunar eclipse.

Blood

A __________ moon is a larger than usual moon, also known as a Perigean full moon.

Super

A __________ moon is the second full moon in a calendar month.

Blue

The __________ moon is the full bright moon that occurs closest to autumn.

Harvest

Latitudes are __________ lines that run east to west.

parallel

The distance between two latitude lines is a constant __________.

$$111\,km$$

Total number of latitude lines (including the equator and poles) is __________.

181

The $0^\circ$ latitude is called the __________ and is a great circle.

equator

The Tropic of Cancer is at __________ N.

$$23.5^\circ$$

The Tropic of Capricorn is at __________ S.

$$23.5^\circ$$

The Arctic circle is located at __________ N.

$$66.5^\circ$$

The Antarctic circle is located at __________ S.

$$66.5^\circ$$

The Global Positioning System (GPS) identifies location using latitude, longitude, and __________.

altitude

Longitudes are vertical __________ lines that meet at the poles.

non parallel

The distance between longitudes is maximum at the __________.

equator

The $0^\circ$ longitude is called the __________.

Prime Meridian

Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is based in __________.

London

The total number of longitude lines is __________.

360

The International Date Line is located at __________ E or W.

$$180^\circ$$

The Earth rotates through $1^\circ$ in __________ minutes.

$$4$$

The Earth rotates through $15^\circ$ in __________ hour.

$$1$$

If you cross the International Date Line moving east to west, you __________ a day.

gain

If you cross the International Date Line moving west to east, you __________ a day.

lose

The International Date Line deviates slightly to avoid __________ areas in the Pacific Ocean.

land

The world is divided into __________ standard time zones.

24

The Indian government accepted the meridian __________ E as its standard time.

$$82.5^\circ$$

Indian Standard Time (IST) is __________ ahead of Greenwich Mean Time.

$5$ hrs $30$ min

__________ has the highest number of time zones at 12.

France

Russia and the USA each have __________ time zones.

11

The force caused by the rotation of the Earth that deflects winds is the __________ force.

Coriolis

Coriolis force is maximum at the __________.

poles

Coriolis force is zero at the __________.

equator

In the Northern Hemisphere, the Coriolis force deflects winds to the __________.

right

In the Southern Hemisphere, the Coriolis force deflects winds to the __________.

left

The deflection of winds by the Coriolis force is also known as __________ Law.

Ferrel's

At the equator, where Coriolis force is zero, wind blows __________ to isobars.

perpendicular

Every __________ circle divides the earth into two equal halves.

great

A great circle marks the __________ travel routes between two locations on Earth.

least

The standard meridian of India is __________.

$$82^\circ 30'\,E$$

Sunrise in eastern Arunachal Pradesh is about __________ hours before the sunrise in western Gujarat.

two

The point __________ is located approximately at $6^\circ 45'$ latitude.

Indira point

The difference between the longest and shortest day __________ with latitude.

increases

Among the options of Amazon, Arctic, and Prime Meridian, the __________ is a great circle.

Prime Meridian

During the Summer Solstice in the Northern Hemisphere, the __________ experiences the minimum angle of the Sun's rays.

Tropic of Capricorn

The Earth's crust is __________ in nature.

brittle

The mean thickness of the oceanic crust is $5-10\,km$, while that of the continental crust is around __________.

$$30\,km$$

The Daily or diurnal rhythm in sunlight and air temperature is an effect of Earth's __________.

Rotation

The angular velocity for all locations on the Earth's surface is the __________.

same

The atmosphere rotates __________ the Earth.

with

Distance between the longitudes becomes __________ at the North Pole.

zero