Chapter 1: The First Civilizations

Egypts

________ material and human resources were transformed and focused due to building and equipping the pyramids.

Yahweh

________ was understood to not be just one god among many but the one universal God, creator, and ruler of the universe.

Peresians

________ allowed people of Judah to return to their homeland and rebuild their temple.

Hammurabi

________ expanded his state through arms and diplomacy.

Urban life

________ redefined the role and status of women who had had roughly the same roles and status as men in the Neolithic period.

Mesopotamians

________ believed that the role of mortals was to serve the gods and feed them through sacrifice.

Law Code

The ________ held veterinarians, architects, physicians, and boat builders to the standards of professional behavior.

Israel

________ was a loosely organized confederation of tribes during its first centuries.

Tablets

________ were later used to preserve contracts, maintain administrative records, and record significant events, prayers, myths, and proverbs.

greater centralization

Writing allowed for those who mastered it to achieve ________ and control of the government.

Trade networks

________ were extended into Syria, the Arabian Peninsula, and India for metal and stone.

Religion

________ was the heart of royal power and the the only limiting force.

Akenaten

________ temporarily transformed the aesthetic of Egyptian court life while trying to reestablish royal divinity.

Isaelites

________ replaced temple worship with study of the Toray during their exile.

Population growth

________ put pressure on the local food supply.

Persians

________ normally protected local customs, religion, and society.

role of bureaucracy

The ________ was ato administer estates, channel revenues and labor towards vast public works projects, and administer estates.

Pictograms

________ developed into a true system of writing.

agricultural prices

Dowries, contracts, ________, wages commercy, money lending, and professional standards for physicians and architects.

Zoroastriansim

________ was a powerful element in Persian civilization.

Indo European Persians

________ and the Medes settled in Iranian plateau late in the second millennium.

Sedentarization

________ and the agricultural revolution were fundamental changes in human culture.

Babylonians

________ modeled their imperial system on that of their predecessors (Assyrians)

Amenhotep IV

________ was the most controversial ruler of the New Kingdom.

Persian conquers

________ were a lasting power in the Fertile Crescent.

Tiglath pilser

________ and successors transformed structure of Assyrian state and expanded its empire.

Ancient Egyptian history

________ is divided into 31 dynasties, regrouped in turn into 4 periods of political centralization.

Paleolithic people

________ developed speech, religion, and artistic expression.

political frontiers

Expanded ________ meant increased trade and interaction with the rest of the ancient world.

Egyptian women

________ owned property, entered legal contracts, conducted their own business, and brought lawsuits.

Hebrew history

________ recorded Msopotamian traditions as the stories of the flood, legal traditions strongly reminiscent of those of Hammurabi, and the worship of gods in high places.

Common Era

Civilization first appeared approximately 3500 years before the ________.

Urban immigration

________ increased the power, wealth, and status of two groups.

Divine kingship

________ was the cornerstone of Egyptian life.

Expansion of food supply

________ allowed for development of sedentary communities.

Hyksos

________ adopted the traditions of Egyptian kingship and continued the tradition of divine rule.

Mesopotamia

Writing served to increase the strength of the king in ________.

Assyrian plain north of Babyloniah ad

________ been the site of a small Mesopotamian state threatened by semi- nomads and great powers like the Babyylonains and later the Hittites.

Indo European people

A(n) ________, speaking a language that was a part of linguistic family that included most modern European languages.

Mesopotamian gods

________ had the physical appearance and personalities of humans and human virtues and vices.

Nile Valley

The earliest sedentary communities in ________ appeared on the western margin of the Nile Delta around 4000 B.C.E.

Women of ancient Egypt

________ were more independent and more involved in public life when compared with those of Mesopotamia.

Hyksos kings

________ introduced military technology and organization into Egypt.

Babylonians

________ developed the most sophisticated mathematical system known prior to the 15th century C.E.

Common Era

________: period following the traditional date of the birth of Jesus.