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axis
an imaginary line that passes through a planet’s center and its north and south poles, about which the planet rotates
rotation
the spinning motion of a planet on its axis
revolution
the movement of an object around another object
orbit
the path of an object as it revolves around another object in space
gravity
the attractive force between objects; the force that moves objects downhill
mass
a measure of how much matter is in an object
inertia
the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion
eclipse
the partial or total blocking of one object in space by another
umbra
the darkest part of a shadow
penumbra
the part of a shadow surrounding the darkest part
tides
the periodic rise and fall of the level of water in the ocean
the earth’s tilt on its axis
the reasons earth has seasons
solstice
When the sun appears farthest North of the equator once each year and farthest south once each year
Northern Hemisphere summer solstice (the sun is farthest North)
June 21
North Hemisphere winter solstice (the sun is farthest South)
December 21
equinox
when neither hemisphere is tilted towards the sun; means “equal night”
March 21 and September 22
equinox dates
how the moon phases start
new moon
left
the way the moon shines in a waning phase
right
the way the moon shines in a waxing phase
a month
how long it takes to go through all moon phases
Solar eclipse
occurs when the moon passes directly between Earth and the sun
lunar eclipse
occurs when the earth is between the sun and moon
what causes a spring tide
a new moon and full moon
how high tides are in a spring tide
higher than usual
how low tides are in a spring tide
lower than usual
spring tide
tides with the biggest difference between consecutive low and high tides
what causes a neap tide
first quarter and third quarter moon
how high tides are in a neap tide
lower than usual
how low tides are in a neap tide
higher than usual
neap tide
tides with the least difference between consecutive low and high tides
Note 
Flashcard (71)