REGENERATIVE MEDICINE: ORGANS AND BIOPRINTING

Bladder Issues in Each Population

• Pediatric: abnormal development/neurogenic bladder associated with spina bifida

• Adults: anatomical and functional loss (surgery, radiation, infection, etc)

• Aging: muscle under activity

Layers of Bladder

• Urothelium: impenetrable barrier that allows urine containment

• Lamina propria: house the vasculature needed for oxygen and nutrients

• Muscle: facilities urine storage and coordinates the movements to expel urine

Care for Dysfunctional Bladder

OLD:

• Would augment the bladder with portions of GI tissue (doesn’t have proper barrier properties of bladder)

  • leading to tendency of adsorbing waste which leads to high risk of infections and potential malignancy

NEW:

• By using Urinary Bladder Matrix an ECM of pig bladder as scaffold it consit of the epthieal membrane and lamina propina that bladder needs to function properly

Compliance

The increase of pressure per unit in volume

• Bladder compliance increase by the same percentage ( UBM increases bladder compliance )

Autologous Cell Regenerative Approach of Bladder

• Scaffold made of collagen/polyglycolic acid with seeded autologous cell

• Engineered bladder connected to failing bladder

• Covered with fibrin glue and omentum

Decellularized Scaffolds

A real organ that undergoes physical ( temp/force/pressue) and enzymetic ( immersion/perfusion) steps to become as scaffold

Bladder Acelluar Matrix (BAM)

Process of directly implentating a BAM which allows for the regneration of the urothelium but causes insufficent muscle development

Lune Engineering

When it comes to engineering lungs different factors must be taken in:

• Extensive surface area

• Very thin alveolar-capillary membrane

• Viscoelastic behavior

However sythenic scaffolds do not provide the nesscary recapitulate control needed in the lungs, alongside 3D printers not being able to recreate the gas exchnage that capillary-alveolar capillary network that lungs undergo

Creating Vasculature

We can possibly create grafts fro medium to large vasculares through tissue engiering, however still no resolution for microvasculatures

• scaffolds composed of polyactic acid that are then spun into porous nanofibers conducits using electrospinning techonology