Glucose Metabolism

Where is glycogen stored?

liver and muscles

Muscles store glycogen for ...

themselves

Liver stores glycogen for the ...

whole body

If the body has a lot of ATP, what happens to glycolysis?

It shuts down

What happens to excess glucose in the body?

it is converted into glycogen

Glycogenolysis pathway

Glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate to glucose-6-phosphate

What enzyme cuts off a 3-glucose residue chain and moves it to the end of the main chain?

debranching enzyme

Process that makes glycogen

glycogenesis

glycogenesis process

glucose-6-phosphate to glucose-1-phosphate; UTP to UDPG

What enzyme takes the glucose monomer from UDPG and adds it to the glycogen chain?

glycogen synthase

What enzyme creates a branch point in the glycogen?

branching enzyme

metabolic pathway that creates glucose; use pyruvate to make glucose

gluconeogenesis

Step 1 to make PEP from pyruvate (reverse step 10)

pyruvate + CO2 to Oxaloacetate

Step 2 to make PEP from pyruvate

Oxaloacetate to PEP

What enzyme converts Oxaloacetate to PEP?

PEPCK

Where does pyruvate to PEP occur?

mitochondria

Where does the rest of gluconeogenesis take place?

cytosol

What does reversing step 1 and 3 need?

phosphatases

What enzyme is produced when ATP is low?

Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate

What does Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate do?

activates phosphofructokinase; inhibits fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase

regulator inhibited by ATP and activated by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

pyruvate kinase

What does insulin inhibit?

PEPCK and shuts down gluconeogenesis

Where does gluconeogenesis occur in the body?

liver

Process that transports lactate from cells to the liver where it is used to make glucose

cori cycle