Nutrition for Special Populations

Vitamins and minerals of concern in childhood

iron, zinc, vitamin E, Vitamin D

Macronutrients for adolescent athletes (Protein)

1.5 g/kg/day

Macronutrients for adolescent athletes (carbs)

similar to adults, less ergogenic effect in children vs adults

Macronutrients for adolescent athletes (fat)

fat oxidative rates are higher in adolescents but same recommendations as adults

Micronutrient concerns for adolescent athletes

iron, calcium, vitamin D

Nutritional concerns for female athletes

increased risk of body image and eating disorders, iron losses with menstration, low energy intake

Energy concerns for female athletes

energy availability of 45 kcal/kg FFM/day

Protein for female athletes

1.2-2.0 g/kg/day, intake may be higher during follicular phase

Carb for a female athlete

may not be affected during menstrual cycle, generally need the lower end of the ACSM/AND CHO recommendations,

Fat for a female athlete

at least 20% of diet

fluid for female athletes

most data indicate no greater risk of heat illness or dehydration during any part of the menstrual cycle

Iron for female athletes

depleted iron stores very common

Micronutrients of concern in older adults

folate, b6, b12, iron, antioxidants, zinc, calcium, vitamin D

What is anorexia of aging?

Loss of appetite with illness that can lead to protein-energy malnutrition.

How can arthritis affect mature adults' nutrition?

It may interfere with food preparation and eating, and dietary changes may improve symptoms.

What is a common bowel and bladder regulation issue in mature adults?

Increased risk of urinary tract infection and chronic constipation.

What dietary needs increase for mature adults?

Increased fluids and fiber.

How can dental health impact nutrition in mature adults?

It may interfere with eating ability or food choices.

What are drug-drug and drug-nutrient interactions?

Interactions that can affect the use of drugs or nutrients, which should be identified and avoided.

How does metabolism change for older athletes?

Energy needs are probably lower due to decreasing metabolism.

How much should protein needs increase for older athletes?

Protein needs can increase by as much as 40%.

What is the recommended amount of protein after exercise for older athletes?

35 grams is recommended after exercise.

What are the carbohydrate recommendations for older athletes?

Normal carbohydrate recommendations apply.

Why should older athletes consume low saturated fat?

To reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

What supplementation might older athletes need if not getting enough dietary sources?

Omega-3 supplementation may be needed.

What effect can omega-3 supplementation have on older athletes?

Some data indicate it can increase muscle protein synthesis.

Micronutrient concerns for older athletes

increase need in Vitamin D, B6, B12

Nutritional supplements for older athletes

creatine, omega 3, beet juice