LESSON 1: FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF PHILOSOPHY

Phenomenology

________ provides a direct description of the human experience which serves to guide.

Freuds psychoanalysis

________ sees man as a product of his past lodged within his subconscious.

Paul Churchland

________ is one of the many philosophers and psychologists that viewed the self from a.

Deduction

________ or the power to discover what is known by progressing in an orderly way from what is already known.

Id

________- The structure that is primarily based on the pleasure principle.

St Augustine

According to ________, the cause of sin or evil is an act of mans free will.

Ego

________- The structure that is based on the reality principle.

Truths

________ are arrived at using a step by step process.

Neurophilosophy

________ was coined by Patricia Churchland, the modern scientific inquiry looks into the.

Impression

________ is the immediate sensations of external reality.

Human beings

________ are not dependable to evaluate the truth- claims about religion.

Socrates

________ did not write anything, he was not a writer.

inconceivable rapidity

Self is simply "a bundle or collection of different perceptions, which succeed each other with a(n) ________, and are in a perpetual flux and movement.

morality of actions

The ________ is largely dependent on childhood upbringing, particularly on rewards and punishments.

Appetites

The ________: Irrational, Desires for pleasures of the body.

Aristocles

________ (428- 348 BCE) was born in Athens to one of Greeces aristocratic families.

Plato

He was nicknamed ________ because of his physical built which means ‘ wide /broad.

consciousness

The ________, the world, and the human body are all interconnected as they mutually.

Intuition

________ or the ability to apprehend the direction of certain truths and,

immediate satisfaction

It demands ________ and is not hindered by societal expectations.

O Superego

________- The last structure to develop and is primarily dependent on learning the difference between right and wrong.

Theory of Forms

________- Plato explained that Forms refer to what is real.

Love

________ for God is the supreme virtue and only through ________ God can man find real happiness.

Reason

________ seeks the true goal of man which is to see things in their true nature.

St Augustine of Hippo

________ initially rejected Christianity for it seemed to him then that Christianity could not provide him answers to questions that interested him.

Universality

________-"Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law ..

divine law

The ________ is eternally true and the one law that man should always follow.

Socrates

________ left a strong influence on Plato.

Plato

________ left for Athens for 12 years after the death of Socrates.

Love

________ for the self leads to the sin of pride.

Socrates

The "big three "Philosophers are ________, Plato, and Aristotle.

Plato

________ further illustrated his philosophy of the search for knowledge using the ‘ Allegory of the Cave- what people in the cave see are only shadows of reality which they believe are real things and represent knowledge.

The Socratic Method

Socrates method for discovering what is essential in the world and in people is what is known as the Socratic/dialectic method

Theory of Forms

Plato explained that Forms refer to what is real

The Reason

Rational, A motivation for goodness and truth

The Spirited

Non-rational, Neutral, Will/Drive towards an action

The Appetites

Irrational, Desires for pleasures of the body

Plato further illustrated his philosophy of the search for knowledge using the ‘Allegory of the Cave

what people in the cave see are only shadows of reality which they believe are real things and represent knowledge

With all the uncertainties of life, Descartes was sure of one thing

That he exist as a thinking thing

Law of opinion

where actions that are praiseworthy are called virtues and those that are not are called vice

Civil Law

where right actions are enforced by people in authority (i.e., courts and police)

Divine Law

set by God on the actions of man

Humes analysis proceeded this way

the mind receives materials from the senses and calls its perceptions

Universality

"Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law."

Treat Human Beings As Ends Rather Than Means

"act that you use humanity, in your own person as well as in the person of any other, always at the same time as an end, never merely as a means."

Act As If You Live In Kingdom of Ends

"act as if he were through his maxim always a lawmaking member in the universal kingdom of ends."

Eros

Sex/Pleasure

Thanatos

Aggression

o Id

The structure that is primarily based on the pleasure principle

o Ego

The structure that is based on the reality principle

o Superego

The last structure to develop and is primarily dependent on learning the difference between right and wrong