Biology Chapter 1 Lecture Notes Review

Flashcards covering the nature of science, scientific methodology, characteristics of life, cross-cutting concepts, and base metric units from the biology lecture notes.

What are the primary goals of science according to the lecture notes?

The goals of science are to provide natural explanations for events in the natural world, understand patterns in nature, and make useful predictions.

What is science as a way of knowing, and what domain does it deal with?

Science is an organized way of gathering and analyzing evidence about the natural world. It deals ONLY with the natural world and proposes explanations based on evidence, not belief.

What are the five procedures that form the core of scientific methodology?

1. Observing and asking questions, 2. making inferences and forming hypothesis, 3. conducting controlled experiments, 4. collecting and analyzing data, and 5. drawing conclusions.

What observation regarding marsh grasses led to a scientific question in the notes?

Observing that marsh grasses grow to different heights in different places (Location A versus Location B) led to the question of whether the cause was factors such as having more nitrogen.

How are variables controlled during the testing of a hypothesis?

Only one variable is changed on purpose (the independent variable), while all other variables should be kept unchanged.

What is the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable?

An independent variable is changed on purpose, whereas a dependent variable is observed because it depends on something else changing.

How is a control group set up in a controlled experiment?

A control group is exposed to the same conditions as the experimental group, except for one independent variable.

What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative data?

Quantitative data involves measuring or using numbers, while qualitative data describes quality or how something looks.

What are the characteristics of all living things identified in CH 1.3?

Living things: 1. are made up of cells, 2. reproduce, 3. are based on a universal genetic code, 4. grow and develop, 5. respond to the environment, 6. maintain an internal balance, and 7. change over time.

What are the cross-cutting concepts in biology listed in the notes?

1. Cause and effect: Mechanism and explanation, 2. Systems and System models, 3. Stability and change, 4. Patterns, 5. Scale, Proportion, and quantity, and 6. Energy, and matter, Flows, Cycles.

What are the base units in biology for length, mass, volume, temperature, amount of substance, and time?

Length: Meter ($m$); Mass: Gram ($g$) or Kilogram ($kg$); Volume: Liter ($L$) or cubic centimeter ($cm^3$); Temperature: Degrees Celsius ($^\circ\text{C}$); Amount of substance: mole ($mol$); Time: seconds ($s$).

What numerical exponential values correspond to the metric prefixes kilo, centi, milli, micro, and nano?

kilo (K): $10^3$; Centi(c): $10^{-2}$; Milli(m): $10^{-3}$; micro (p or mc): $10^{-6}$; Nano (n): $10^{-9}$.