Life Span Development Exam 2

Authoritative Parenting

High Warmth, High Demandingness, Nurturing, supportive

Authoritarian Parenting

Strict, controlling, and demanding of obedience

Permissive Parenting

Warm and nurturing but sets very few rules or boundaries.

Uninvolved

Emotionally detached, indifferent, and unresponsive to the child's needs.

Symbolic functioning

the cognitive ability to use symbols, images, or words to represent objects, events, or ideas that are not physically present. (Playing or Pretending)

Intuitive Thought

The “gut” feeling. Knowing something without having to think about it. A hunch.

Egocentrism

Thinking people know the context in their head (world revolves around them essentially) . Like a person thinking people are talking about them.

Animism

refers to attributing conscious life, feelings, or agency to inanimate objects, most commonly seen in early childhood (ages 2–7). Like a toy bear and loving that stuffed animal.

conservation

rearranging or changing the appearance of objects does not change their quantity, volume, or mass. This skill usually develops during the concrete operational stage (around ages 7–11),

The Zone of Proximal Development

What learner can do independently compared to what they can achieve with guidance. (Like a mom helping her daughter bake brownies)

Scaffolding

a teaching method that supports a student as they learn new skills. It's like temporary support that's removed as the student becomes more confident.

Private Speech

Private speech is when you talk to yourself out loud to help guide your actions or thoughts. It's common in kids when they're learning new things, like a kid saying "Okay, now put the blue block on top" while building a tower. (Talking to yourself out loud)

Hedo Morality

Hedonistic morality is acting in a way that maximizes your own pleasure and avoids pain, without considering the consequences for others.

For example, someone might spend all their money on luxury items and entertainment, even if it means they can't pay their bills or support their family.

Difference between gender roles and gender identity

Gender Identity (Internal)

• Definition: A person's inner sense of their own gender, which may or may not align with their sex assigned at birth.

Gender Roles (External)

• Definition: Societal norms and stereotypes defining how men and women "should" behave, dress, or act.

effect of birth order and personality

Birth order is believed to shape personality through, for example

firstborns developing high responsibility and conscientiousness, while later-borns are often more adventurous, rebellious, and social.

Sensor motor play

activities that engage a child's senses (touch, sight, sound, etc.) while encouraging movement, coordination, and physical interaction with their environment.

Practice Play

Learning new skills and repeating behaviors

Symbolic play

Pretending (tea party with stuffed animals)

Solitary play

Imagination, self regulation, and self reliance. Like taking time for yourself

Social play

Seeing others perspective, taking turns.

Constructive

Making something like cans as telephones and playing. Or finding a solution to a problem

Structured

games with rules like tag or hide and seek

Unstructured

A game without rules and just playing

the more kids play

The less aggression they demonstrate

Classification

Groupings and relationship through characteristics like shape, size, color. Like a child knowing a golden retriever is a dog.

Seriation

cognitive ability to arrange items in an orderly sequence based on a particular dimension. ( smallest to largest, or brightest to darkest)

Autobiographical Memory

Much better storage and recall or specific events and experiences. Like remembering your first day of school, including the smell and the nervousness you felt

Converting Thinking

When you focus on one correct solution to a problem

Divergent Thinking

When you generate multiple different ideas or solutions

Whole Language Approach

Teaching children to understand the whole word and its context.

Phonics

Sounding words out vowel by vowel learning the individual words. This method is better.

Self Concept

Is how you see yourself. Understanding your traits and roles

Self Esteem

Your self worth and how you feel about yourself.

Perspective Taking

the cognitive and emotional ability to step outside one's own viewpoint to understand a situation from another person’s perspective

Preconventional moral reasoning

a child not stealing a toy because they fear getting into trouble, rather than knowing stealing is wrong.

Following rules and maintaining social order . A kid not cutting in line because the rules say not too.

Post Conventional Reasoning

Okay, imagine someone who believes that it's okay to break a law if that law is unjust or harms people. That's post-conventional reasoning, where personal ethics and universal principles come before societal rules.