CHEM 1010 Skills - Nomenclature II

Flashcards covering nomenclature rules for cations, monoatomic and polyatomic anions, acids, and binary covalent compounds based on the CHEM 1010 study guide.

Cations of Groups 1A, 2A, and Aluminum

Ions formed from metals that only produce one type of cation; they are named by adding the word "ion" to the English name of the metal (e.g., $Ca^{2+}$ is the calcium ion).

Stock method

The preferred method for naming cations of metals that can form more than one type of ion; it uses the English name of the metal followed by a Roman numeral in parentheses equal to the charge of the ion (e.g., $Cu^+$ is copper (I) ion).

$$Hg_2^{2+}$$

The mercury (I) ion, which is noted as the only common diatomic metal cation.

Nonmetallic cations

Cations not derived from metal atoms, specifically the hydrogen ion ($H^+$), hydronium ion ($H_3O^+$), and ammonium ion ($NH_4^+$).

Monoatomic anion charge rule

The charge of a monoatomic nonmetal ion is equal to its group number minus 8 (e.g., Group 5A elements form anions with a $-3$ charge).

Monoatomic anion naming

Anions named by adding the suffix "-ide" to the stem of the English name of the element followed by the word "ion" (e.g., $N^{3-}$ is the nitride ion).

Aqueous hydrogen compounds of monoatomic anions

Solutions named by adding the prefix "hydro-", replacing the "-ide" suffix with "-ic", and adding the word "acid" (e.g., $H_2S(aq)$ is hydrosulfuric acid).

Polyatomic oxyanions

Anions containing oxygen named with the suffix "-ate" for more oxygen atoms and "-ite" for fewer oxygen atoms (e.g., $NO_3^-$ is nitrate and $NO_2^-$ is nitrite).

Per- and Hypo- prefixes

Prefixes used for polyatomic oxyanions where "per-" indicates more oxygen than the "-ate" ion and "hypo-" indicates fewer oxygen than the "-ite" ion.

$$ClO^-$$

The hypochlorite ion.

$$ClO_4^-$$

The perchlorate ion.

Acid naming from "-ate" ions

When a polyatomic anion name ends in "-ate", its corresponding acid is named by changing the suffix to "-ic" and adding the word "acid" (e.g., $HNO_3(aq)$ is nitric acid).

Acid naming from "-ite" ions

When a polyatomic anion name ends in "-ite", its corresponding acid is named by changing the suffix to "-ous" and adding the word "acid" (e.g., $HNO_2(aq)$ is nitrous acid).

$$CN^-$$

The cyanide ion.

$$MnO_4^-$$

The permanganate ion.

$$Cr_2O_7^{2-}$$

The dichromate ion.

$$HCO_3^-$$

The hydrogen carbonate ion, also known as the bicarbonate ion.

Binary covalent compound

A compound containing only two nonmetals held together by the sharing of electrons; named using Greek prefixes to indicate the number of atoms.

Greek prefixes (1-10)

Mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona-, and deca-.

$$P_2O_5$$

Diphosphorus pentoxide.

$$N_2O$$

Dinitrogen oxide.

$$NH_3$$

Ammonia (common name).

$$H_2O_2$$

Hydrogen peroxide (common name).