Unit 5 Test Review

AP Gov & Politics

What is affirmative action?

Policy designed for minorites

Equal protection clause of the 14th amendment protects us from the federal government.

False; state government

What is the exclusionary rule?

Illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in court (Mapp v. Ohio)

What is rational basis?

Lowest standard of review; The Court presumes a law to be constitutional unless it is shown that the law is not rationally related to a legitimate government interest

What are the 4 components of the 14th amendment?

Due Process, Citizenship, Equal Protection, and Privileges + Immunity

What is the purpose of the Voting Rights Act (1965)?

To protect voting rights for minorities (people were still being discriminated against when trying to vote)

Why would the anti-federalists not sign the constitution?

They wanted a Bill of Rights (Federalists wanted the constitution so they allowed the Bill of Rights so the anti-federalists would sign it)

Court case in which the first amendment (freedom of press) protected the right to publish the pentagon papers.

New York Times v. US

Which branch of government did the NAACP use to petition?

Judicial Branch

The right to bear arms is incorporated to the states (court case).

McDonald v. Chicago

Ẁhat did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 do?

Makes sure minorities are being protected under the 14th amendment.

Which amendment did the most for Civil Rights?

13th, 14th, 15th

What is selective incorporation?

Applies Bill of Rights to the states.

What is the establishment clause?

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion

Court case that rules a short non-denominational prayer in school is unconstitutional.

Engel v. Vitale

Two civil liberties that have not been incorporated to the states.

3 and 7

Civil Rights vs. Civil Liberties

Liberties: Rights that need protection FROM the government
Rights: Rights that need protection BY the government

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

Right to counsel, 6th amendment to the states

People argue that the death penalty violates the 7th amendment.

False; 8th amendment

What is the free exercise clause?

Congress shall make no law prohibiting the free exercise of religion

Schenck v. US

Clear and present danger

What does secular mean?

Not relating to religion