Test 1 & Haworth/Fischer Projections

Molecular Chaperones

Proteins that fold other proteins into their 3D shape during synthesis

Amphiphilic

Molecules that contain both hydrophobic and hydrophilic portions

Acidosis

Increased CO Leads to Increased Concentration of H+; pH goes down

Metabolic (Exercise)

Respiratory (Choking)

Alkalosis

Decreased CO Leads to Decreased Concentration of H+; pH goes up (basic)

Respiratory (Rapid Exhalation)

Isoelectric Point (PI)

pH where a molecule exists as a zwitterion

Secondary and Tertiary Structure

Secondary = 3D structures of Parts of Proteins

Tertiary = 3D structure of the entire protein

Zwitterions

Partial Negative, Partial Positive, Overall Neutral Charge

Why do different proteins have the same secondary structure?

Secondary structure (a-helices and B-sheets) arise from hydrogen bonds between amide groups; all proteins are poly-amides (all amino acids have amide groups)

D-Glucose

D-Mannose

D-Galactose

D-Fructose

D-Ribose

B-d-Glucopyranose

B-D-Mannopyranose

B-D-Galactopyranose

B-D-Ribofuranose

A-D-Fructofuranose