Immuno Final Exam Review 1

In what order are the following complement pathways activated, earliest to latest?

Alternative > Lectin > Classical

Integrins, a type of adhesion molecule, binds to which of the following?

Ig superfamily proteins

What is the most abundant leukocyte in the blood?

Neutrophil

How long does it take to develop a primary adaptive immune response?

7-14 days

Successful rearrangement of the alpha-chain locus leads to:

deletion of the delta-chain locus.

What cell can activate naïve T-cells?

None of the above

What is the soluble C3 convertase of the alternative pathway?

iC3Bb

What receptors are responsible for cytokine creation/secretion in macrophages?

Toll-like receptors

An antibody’s general structure consists of 2 ___ regions and 1 ___ region.

Fab; Fc

Where are T and B cell conjugate pairs initially formed?

T cell-B cell border

___ is the tightness of binding of an antigen binding site to an antigen; whereas ___ is the

firmness of association between a multideterminant antigen and the antibodies produced against it.

Affinity; avidity

What are the steps of extravasation in order?

Rolling adhesion, tight binding, diapedesis, migration

True or False: Commensal species typically cause harm to the host.

False

What is the main opsonin placed on pathogen surfaces?

C3b

What is the first barrier against infection?

A & C

What is the least abundant leukocyte in the blood?

Basophil

Which of the following is true about T-cell receptors?

They are highly specific.

Which molecule is an anaphylotoxin?

C3a and C5a

Which of the following cell types does NOT express MHC class I?

Erythrocytes

Jenner used the variola virus to induce immunity against the vaccinia virus.

False

Once the light chain has finished rearrangement, the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta genes are expected

to be turned off (no longer expressed).

False

Which of the following is a zymogen in the alternative pathway?

Factor B

CR3 is a that recognizes __ such as _____.

PRR ; PAMPs ; LPS

Which of the following statements about macrophages is incorrect?

They remain in circulation until an infection breaches the first lines of defense.

CR-1 can:

Induce phagocytosis by binding to C3b

Which of the following statements best describes the role of MHC class II molecules in the

immune response?

They present exogenous antigens to CD4+ helper T cells

Which of the following is true about the degradation of extracellular proteins?

The peptides produced will be found in a phagolysosome

The first checkpoint in B cell maturation:

Involves a pre-BCR

What does a Pre-BCR consist of?

All are correct

Where do B-cells develop?

Primary lymphoid tissue and Bone marrow

Which cells would you expect to find in the light zone of a germinal center that hold

antigen for B cells to bind to?

FDCs

Mature Tcells are longer lived than mature bcells, but will only continue their

circulation for 3-4 days in the absence of their specific antigen.

False

_______ must compete with each other to gain access to antigen on a FDC.

Centrocytes

All of the following are true about antibodies except:

They have the ability to kill pathogens directly

What is the most common antibody found in secretions?

IgA

The enzymes that cut and splice DNA during recombination introduce

additional nucleotides that are not encoded in the germ-line DNA.

True

Which of the following inflammatory cytokines is paired incorrectly with its role/function?

None of the above

C-reactive protein and mannose-binding lectin are considered:

acute-phase proteins

Which of the following pairs of adhesion molecules and their ligands is matched incorrectly?

None of the above

Antigens that are taken up from the extracellular space will typically be degraded by:

an endosome

A TCR can express both alpha:beta and gamma:delta TCR’s on its surface.

False

MHC I can bind ____ amino acid sequences, while MHC II can bind ____ amino acid

sequences

8-10, 10-25

Which of the following are true of tapasin?

Aids in the folding of the MHCI molecule

Mucosal epithelia of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory, urinary, and genital tracts, and

the mammary glands are protected by:

Dimeric IgA

The evolution of influenza virus that causes relatively mild and limited disease epidemics is

referred to as:

antigenic drift

How is TCR diversity achieved?

Somatic recombination

Which of the following statements about influenza is false?

Its genome is comprised of 8 DNA molecules.

What cell types can use MHCII?

Macrophages and Dendritic cells

Identify the statement below that is incorrect about immunological memory.

Memory T cells will not be of the same type as they were during the primary immune

response.

Mast cells:

Release histamine and other active contents from their granules. and Arise from the myeloid progenitor.