đź’§ Solubility & Hormone Action
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24 Terms
Which type of hormone is hydrophobic and requires a carrier protein?
Lipid-soluble hormones.
Where do lipid-soluble hormones bind on the target cell?
Inside the cell
Where do water-soluble hormones bind on the target cell?
On the cell surface membrane.
Insulin is a _____ hormone
water-soluble
epinephrine is a ____ hormone
water-soluble
Cortisol is a _____ soluble hormone
lipid
thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) are example of ___ soluble hormones
lipid
What is half-life in hormone signaling?
The time it takes for a hormone’s blood level to decrease by 50%.
When a target cell increases receptor numbers due to low hormone levels.
upregulation
When a target cell decreases receptor numbers due to high hormone levels.
downregulation
What is the permissive effect?
One hormone enables another hormone to act.
What is the synergistic effect?
Two hormones produce an amplified effect together.
What is negative feedback?
A control mechanism that reverses a stimulus.
What is positive feedback?
A mechanism that reinforces the stimulus (e.g., labor contractions).
What are lipid-soluble hormones?
Hormones that dissolve in fats and can pass through cell membranes to bind inside the cell (nucleus or cytoplasm).
What are water-soluble hormones?
Hormones that dissolve in water and must bind to receptors on the outside of the cell membrane.
Do water-soluble hormones need a carrier in the blood?
examples are
insulin, epinephrine, peptide/protein hormones
No — they float freely in the blood; bind to cell surface
Do lipid-soluble hormones need a carrier in the blood?
examples are
cortisol, thyroid hormones (T3, T4)
Yes — they need carrier proteins because they don’t mix well with blood (which is mostly water).
Where do lipid-soluble hormones bind on a target cell?
Inside the cell — in the cytoplasm or nucleus.
Where do water-soluble hormones bind on a target cell?
On the outside of the cell — the plasma membrane surface.
Name 2 examples of lipid-soluble hormones.
Cortisol and thyroid hormones (T3 & T4).
Name 2 examples of water-soluble hormones.
Insulin and epinephrine.
Which type of hormone has a longer half-life in the body?
Lipid-soluble hormones (e.g., cortisol lasts 60–90 minutes).
Which type of hormone acts faster but shorter?
Water-soluble hormones (e.g., epinephrine lasts about 1 minute).