BIOCHEM | Metabolic Pathways

Cycle 1 module info that might not be on the test

Metabolic Pathways

• occur in cells for them to get energy and build materials needed to function

Enzymes

catalyst proteins

Substrates

reactants

Products

end products from reactions

Coenzymes/Cofactors

• helps enzymes

• Coenzymes are organic vitamins

• Cofactors are inorganic ions

Catabolism

breakdown of larger molecules

Anabolism

synthesis of larger molecules

Enyzyme-substrate Interaction

1. substrate binds to active site

2. Enzyme-substrate complex happens when substrate binds to active site

3. Product Formation

Activator

increase activity

Inhibitor

decrease activity to prevent surplus of product

Allosteric Sites

other sites on enzyme where molecule binds to

Gene Regulation

amount of enzyme produced and can be controlled at genetic level

Glycosis

Phosphofructokinase (PFK) is an enzyme inhibited by ATP and activated by Adenosine Monophosphate (AMP)

Krebs Cycle

Isocitrate Dehydrogenase:

• regulated by ATP and Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NADH0

• activated by ADP and NAD+ (indicators of low energy)

• ensure cycle runs efficiently

Cholesterol Synthesis

HMG-CoA Reductase: enzyme makes cholesterol

• inhibited by high cholesterol levels and statin drugs that lower cholesterol