Oral Communication: Learning Types of Speech Context and Types of Speech Styles

Intrapersonal Communication

• The first type of speech context meaning: communicating with oneself.

• In intrapersonal communication, the speaker and the listener are one and the same: you. You send the message to yourself and you yourself receive that message.

Interpersonal Communication

Beyond - communication are several types of speech context which we are more familiar with, such as - communication which involves more than one person.

Dyadic Communication

• Involves only two participants forming a dyad. One speaker and one listener come together to exchange thoughts, ideas, opinion, and information.

• The roles of speaker and listener are not fixed, they are interchangeable.

Small Group Communication

• It requires from 3-15 people to study an issue, discuss a problem, and come up with a solution or a plan

• This is not just gathering of people with no goal in mind but to pass time.

Study Groups

are meant to look into a problem but not necessarily come up with a solution

Task-Oriented Groups

groups that study an issue. 

Public Communication

• Is different from dyadic or small group communication that one speaker addresses many listeners, collectively known as an audience. There is no interchangeable of the speaker and listener roles

Mass Communication

Is any of the above human verbal interactions carried out with the aid of mass media technology

Organizational Communication

refers to the interaction of members along the links in an organizational structure.  Has two variations

Formal Organization Communication

uses proper channels graphically illustrated by an organizational chart. Memos, announcements, and reports are passed along to the members of the organization following the chain of command 

Informal Version

 bypasses the links, skips forwards or backwards, or even goes sideways just to achieve the same goal.

Intercultural Communication

Is the exchange of concepts, traditions, values, and practices between and among people of different nationalities and ways of life. It goes beyond showcasing folk dances, local songs, and native delicacies.

Intimate Style

is a non-public speech style that uses private vocabulary and includes nonverbal messages. It is a style in which meaning is shared even without the “correct linguistic forms”.

Intimate Style

is a non-public speech style that uses private vocabulary and includes nonverbal messages. It is a style in which meaning is shared even without the “correct linguistic forms”.

Casual Style

is a speech style used among friends and acquaintances that do not require background information.

Consultative Style

is the opposite of the intimate style because this style is used precisely among people who do not share common experiences or meaning.

Formal Style

is used only for imparting information. This speech is well organized and correct in grammar and diction. This style does not allow interruptions 

Frozen Style

is a formal style whose quality is static, ritualistic, and may even be archaic. 

Semantic Meanings

is the study of meaning in language. It can be applied to entire texts or to single words. It means the meaning and interpretation of words, signs, and sentence structure. 

•  largely determines our reading comprehension, how we understand others, and even what decisions we make as a result of our interpretations.

Heteronyms

are a type of homograph that are also spelled the same and have different meanings, but sound different

Example: bow, tear, lead, project, mow, sewer

Homonyms

words that both sound the same and are spelled the same, but different meaning

Example: mean, bat, ring, cell, address, kind, fly

Syntatic Meanings

• refers to your knowledge of grammatical rules. It involves the use of correct word order and the difference in meaning that results from the change in the structure of a sentence. 

Syntax

in English sets forth a specific order for grammatical elements like subjects, verbs, direct and indirect objects etc. 

• For example, if a sentence has a verb, direct object and subject, the proper order is subject - verb - direct object. 

Pragmatic Meanings

• considers not just the words, but also the context of the situation and the relationship of the communicators to arrive at the meaning of the utterances 

• A language that can only be understood in terms of aspects of the situation in which it is used. 

Pragmatic

the term is derived from the Latin word ‘pragmaticus’ or ‘relating to fact’