bio test

How many stages ( steps ) are in mitosis

4

How many stages ( steps ) are in meiosis

8

the type of cell that uses mitosis is

Somatic ( body cells )

They type of cell that uses meiosis is

Gametes

What is binary fusion

When cells split into two equal parts by mitosis

Budding

The cell produces a growth and keeps growing on the parent and they separates when fully grown

Regeneration

Growing back or replacing lost body parts

Think of Minecraft replacing lost hearts

Spore formation

Spore formation is a type of asexual reproduction where an organism produces resistant cells spores that can grow into new organisms

• The parent organism makes lots of spores.

• The spores are released into the air, water, or soil.

• If a spore lands in a place with the right conditions (food, moisture, temperature), it grows into a new organism.

Fragment

A part of an organism breaks off and a new one starts to grow

For example, if a flatworm breaks into two pieces:

• The head piece grows a new tail.

• The tail piece grows a new head.

Difference between fragment and budding

• Budding: A small bud grows on the parent and then breaks off when fully grown.

• Fragmentation: The parent breaks into pieces, and each piece grows into a new organism.

Example:

• Yeast → budding

• Starfish or flatworms → fragmentation

A quick way to remember:

• Budding = grows a bud

• Fragmentation = breaks into fragments (pieces)

Give a differents between plant and animal cells

Plant cells have a cell wall

Animal have centrioles

What is the function of the necleus in a cell

To hold the dna and acts like the control centre by controlling the proteins

Where dose fertilization take place in a female

Fallopian tube ( oviduct )

Male sex hormone what is its main functions

Testrone- stimulates sperm and promotes secondary characteristics ( like making voice deeper )

What is the female hormone and function

Estrogen and its function is to promote female secondary characteristics and menstrual cycle

Describe the sperms path out the penis

1. Testes – sperm are made here.

2. Epididymis – sperm mature and are stored.

3. Vas deferens – transports sperm.

4. Ejaculatory duct – sperm mix with fluids.

5. Urethra – tube through the penis.

6. Penis – sperm leave the body.

Memory trick:
Tired Eagles Visit Every Urban Park

• T = Testes

• E = Epididymis

• V = Vas deferens

• E = Ejaculatory duct

• U = Urethra

• P = Penis

Or even shorter:

Testes → Epididymis → Vas deferens → Urethra → Penis

“TEVUP” (say it like “tee-vup”).

Female path for an egg

Ovary fallopian tube uterus cervix vagina

Mitosis how are daughter cells compared to mother cell

Identical

Meiosis how are daughter cells compared to mother cell

Different ( genetically)

What are homologous chromosomes

Chromosomes that can pair up because they have the same traits ( genes ) but may have different alleles

Meiosis when dose the cell become haploid

end of meiosis one is when they are haploid

In the diagrams on the test the fist two are diploid the next two are haploid

Phenotype

A physical trait like blue eyes

Genotype

The genetic code for a trait

Homozygous

Is when the letters are exactly the same RR rr

Heterozygous

When the letters are different Rr