Interwars - WWII

totalitarianism

System of government where the leader controls all aspects of society (social, cultural, economic, military, political)

Sun Yixan

Leader of the Kuomintang party of China; became the president of the new Republic in China in 1912

nationalism, people's rights, people's livelihood

Three Principles of the People

Yuan Shikai

Chinese general and president of the Chinese Republic from 1912-1916; betrayed the democratic ideals of the revolution

May Fourth Movement

A 1919 protest in China protesting how the Treaty of Versailles gave Japan Chinese territories

Mao Zedong

Founder of the communist party in China; Believed he could bring revolution to a rural country

Tiannamen Square

Site in Beijing where Chinese students and workers gathered to demand political openness in 1989. The demonstration was crushed by Chinese military with great loss of life.

Chinese Civil War

Between Chiang's nationalists and the Chinese Communists led by Mao Zedong.

Long March

Jiang's men surrounded the communist's mountain stronghold

Kuomintang

China's nationalist party that pushed for modernization and nationalization

Indian National Congress and the Muslim League of 1906

the 2 groups formed to get rid of foreign rule in India

Rowlatt Acts

laws that allowed British government to arrest protesters without trial for as long as two years

Amritsar Massacre

To protest the Rowlatt Act, Indians gathered in Amritsar, where British troops fired on the crowd killing several hundred

Gahndi

father of Indian Independence; wanted no violent protests

Salt March

Gandhi led a march over 240 miles to protest the British monopoly on salt in India

Government of India Act

passed by the British parliament in 1935, provided local self-gov't and limited democratic elections to India

Mustafa Kemal

Leader of Turkish nationalists who led the Turkish people to stop the invasion from Greece and overthrow the last Ottoman sultan; became president of the New Republic of Turkey

Reza Shah Pahlavi

Persian leader who set out to modernize the country

Stalin

Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition

5 year plan

Stalin's plan to industrialize the USSR: Coal, oil, steel, and electricity production increased; Introduced collectivization to increase food production

Collectivization

a system in which private farms are eliminated and peasants work land owned by the government

Cold War

Stalin was mad that the allies didn't need the Soviet Union's help with defeating Japan because they had the atomic bomb

Secret Police

the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD); Stalin used them to kill people he thought were a threat/disloyal

The Great Purge/Great Terror

founders of the Soviet Union were convicted of counter-revolutionary activity and executed

Aspects of Fascism

extreme nationalism; anti-communist; Economy serves the state; Cultural superiority; force is a legitimate part of politics

Fascism

A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance of opposition

Mussolini

Fascist leader of Italy during WW2; believed that Italians were culturally superior

Black Shirts

The private army of Mussolini

Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria

the group founded by Mussolini that was made up of Italian war veterans

Ladder Impact of '29

Mussolini allowed Vatican city to be an independent nation

jobs, bright futures, lebensraum

Hitler's promises he made in his speeches

Lebensraum

living space

Hitler

Dictator of Germany

Jewish people and Communists

the scapegoats Hitler used to rise to power

Germany's hatred for Jews

saw them as a biological threat; Accused of subversion and war profiteering

Parliamentary Weimar Republic

One of the first tasks was to implement the Treaty of Versailles

Treaty of Versailles effect on Germany

Losing 1/10 of its territory; Dismantled army; Pay reparations; Nationalists saw the treaty as humiliating

The Great Depression

the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s

Agricultural crisis, declining sales and construction, and inflated stock values

underlying causes of the Great Depression

Roosevelt's New Deal

Solutions to increase employment and production (public work projects, like roads, buildings, dams) since US unemployment was at 25%

Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact

A secret agreement between the Germans and the Russians that said that they would not attack each other

Hitler Invades Czechlovakia

he wanted to include all Germans within the Reich (realm) and more living space for the german population

Munich Conference

A settlement reached by Germany, Great Britain, France, and Italy that allowed Germany to annex Sudetenland, which was a part of Czechoslovakia.

Policy of Appeasement

Countries would give Germany the things and land they wanted to try and avoid war

Munich Crisis

Germany's demand that it be allowed to occupy part of Czechoslovakia

Kristallnacht

"Night of Broken Glass," when Nazis attacked Jews throughout Germany

Anschluss

The annexation of Austria by Germany in 1938

Guernica

a painting by Picasso that shows the tragedies of war and the suffering it inflicts upon individuals, particularly innocent civilians

Franciso Franco

This Fascist dictator of Spain was supported by Mussolini and HItler

Holocaust

the Nazi program of exterminating Jews under Hitler

Einsatzgruppen

units of the SS that went from town to town to take the ppl that lived there (mainly Jews) and put them in a pit and shot them dead

Final Solution

Hitler's program of systematically killing the entire Jewish people by building both concentration and extermination camps

Himler

Leader of the SS

Joeseph Goebbels

Minister of Propaganda

Hermann Goring

Hitler's right-hand man

Chambler

prime minister of the UK until 1940

Winston Churchill

Prime Minister of Great Britain during WWII

George VI

King of England during WWII

Bernard Montgomery

tank commander for Britain

Eisenhower

supreme commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force in Europe

Douglas McArthur

allied commander in the Pacific; island-hopping campaign

George Marshall

US General; created plan for rebuilding Europe (Marshall plan)

Chiang Kai-shek

ruler of China in WW2

Blitzkrieg

a term used to describe a method of offensive warfare designed to strike a swift, focused blow at an enemy using mobile, maneuverable forces, including armored tanks and air support

Battle of Midway

The turning point in the Pacific