Galen NSG3100 Unit 6 Diagnostic Testing, Elimination: Urinary and Fecal exam questions and answers

Anoscopy

visual examination of the anus

Proctoscopy

visual examination of the rectum

proctosigmoidoscopy

visual examination of the rectum and sigmoid colon

colonoscopy

visual examination of the colon

barium swallow

upper GI

barium enema

Lower GI

KUB

kidney, ureter, bladder

IV pyelography

Contrast injected via IV to view the urinary and kidney structures

Ultrasonography

Noninvasive; use of reflected sound waves to view the kidneys

retrograde pyelography

contrast medium is instilled directly into the kidney pelvis via the urethra, bladder and ureters

cystoscopy

Lighted instrument inserted into the urethra to view the bladder, urethral orifices, and urethra

X-ray

Views the bones

CT

Views soft tissue; provides a 3 dimensional image

MRI

Views sort tissue; placed in a magnetic field and have to remove all metal objects

MRI

Body tattoos can get very warm in this procedure (Especially red)

Nuclear Imaging

This procedure involves radioactive isotopes

Electrocardiography

process of recording the electrical activity of the heart

angiography

Invasive; a radiographic study of the blood vessels after the injection of a contrast medium

Echocardium

Non-invasive; Uses ultrasound to visualize structures of the heart and the left ventricular function

Lumbar Puncture

Needle inserted in the subarachnoid space of spinal canal, fetal position. post-neuro assess q15-30 until stable. flat 2-3 hour. encourage fluids, oral analgesics for headache.

Paracentesis/Thorancentesis

Needle inserted into the abdominal cavity or pleural space to drain fluid

Polyuria

frequent urination

Oliguria

Decreased urine output

Anuria

absence of urine

Frequency

Voiding at frequent intervals ( >4-6x daily)

Nocturia

excessive urination at night

Urgency

feeling the need to urinate immediately

dysuria

painful urination

enuresis

involuntary urination

incontinence

inability to control bladder and/or bowels

Normal adult urination elimination amount

30ml/hr minimum

stress incontinence

the inability to control the voiding of urine from running, sneezing, laughing, or coughing

urge incontinence

state in which a person experiences involuntary passage of urine that occurs soon after a strong sense of urgency to void

overflow incontinence

involuntary loss of urine associated with overdistention and overflow of the bladder (enlarged prostate, MS, Parkinson's...)

Kegals

An exercise to strengthen pelvic floor muscles and sphincters

BUN

10-20 mg/dL

Creatinine

Male: 0.6-1.2 mg/dL

Female: 0.5-1.1 mg/dL

Constipation

Hard, slow stools that are difficult to eliminate; often a result of too little fiber in the diet

Fewer than 3 BMs a week

diarrhea

frequent passage of loose, watery stools

gastrotomy

surgical incision into the stomach

jejunostomy

a tube that is placed surgically or by laparoscopy through the abdominal wall into the jejunum for long-term nutritional support

ileostomy

the surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the ileum, at the end of the small intestine, and the outside of the abdominal wall

colostomy

the surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface

Who can collect a clean catch urine specimen?

A nurse and UAP can catch this urine specimen

Who can catch a sterile urine specimen?

A nurse can only catch this urine specimen