Abnormal Behavior in Historical Context and Psychopathology

A comprehensive set of fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering key definitions, historical perspectives, professional roles, and theoretical models in abnormal psychology.

__ is the branch of psychology that studies patterns of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that are atypical, distressing, dysfunctional, or maladaptive.

Abnormal psychology

The "4 Ds" of abnormality are Deviance, Distress, Dysfunction, and __.

Dangerousness

__ refers to behavior, thoughts, or emotions that differ significantly from societal or cultural norms.

Deviance

Feelings of suffering or emotional pain experienced by the person are labeled __ in the 4 Ds model.

Distress

Impairment in performing daily activities or roles is called __.

Dysfunction

Behavior that poses a risk of harm to oneself or others is categorized as __.

Dangerousness

A _ is a syndrome characterized by disturbance of cognition, emotional regulation, and/or behavior.

mental disorder

A mental disorder must reflect _ in psychological, biological, or developmental processes.

dysfunction

__ are licensed medical doctors who specialize in diagnosing and treating mental disorders.

Psychiatrists

__ psychologists provide testing and psychotherapy but cannot prescribe medication.

Clinical

Licensed professionals who help with personal, educational, or career concerns are called __.

Counselors

Licensed professionals who coordinate community resources and assist patient reintegration are __.

Social workers

Trained helpers without full licensure who provide supportive services are called __.

Paraprofessionals

A detailed account of an individual’s thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and symptoms is a __ .

clinical description

The simultaneous presence of two or more mental disorders is termed __.

comorbidity

The study of causes and origins of mental disorders is called __.

etiology

A professional prediction about the likely outcome of a disorder is its __.

prognosis

A disorder that persists for years with ongoing symptoms exhibits a __ .

chronic course

A disorder marked by distinct episodes separated by remission has an __ .

episodic course

A disorder that resolves within a specific period and rarely recurs follows a __ .

time-limited course

A period with little or no impairment from symptoms is known as __.

remission

The return of symptoms after improvement is termed __.

relapse

The total number of cases in a population during a time period is its __.

prevalence

The number of new cases that develop during a specific time is the __.

incidence

Symptoms that appear suddenly and escalate rapidly indicate an __ .

acute onset

Symptoms that develop gradually over weeks, months, or years indicate an __ onset.

insidious

Staying updated with research and applying it clinically is the __ of science role in the Scientist-Practitioner Model.

consumer

Conducting original research represents the __ of science role.

creator

Critically assessing research before use is the __ of science role.

evaluator

Attributing mental disorders to possession by evil spirits reflects the __ tradition.

supernatural

Trephination, exorcism, and snake pits aimed to __ evil spirits.

drive out

Tarantism and St. Vitus’ Dance are historical examples of __.

mass hysteria

Belief in lunar influence led to the term __.

lunatic

__ theory linked mental illness to an imbalance of blood, black bile, yellow bile, and phlegm.

Hippocrates’ humoral

Excess black bile in humoral theory was thought to cause __.

depression (melancholia)

The outdated notion that a mobile uterus caused symptoms like fainting was the __ theory.

wandering uterus

Ancient Chinese medicine sought balance between __ and yang for health.

yin

Discovery that untreated __ could cause psychosis demonstrated biological roots of mental illness.

syphilis

Psychiatrist __ believed mental illness had physical causes and improved hospital conditions.

John P. Grey

__ is considered the founder of modern psychiatric classification.

Emil Kraepelin

Inducing comas with large insulin doses was called __ therapy.

insulin shock

Triggering seizures with Metrazol was known as __ convulsive therapy.

Metrazol

Inducing seizures via controlled electrical currents is called __ therapy.

electroconvulsive (ECT)

Anti-anxiety drugs that enhance GABA’s calming effect are classified as __.

benzodiazepines

First-generation antipsychotics that block dopamine receptors are known as __.

neuroleptics

Treating patients with compassion and a supportive environment was central to __ therapy.

moral

Freud’s view that abnormal behavior stems from unconscious conflicts is the __ theory.

psychoanalytic

Carl Jung proposed the __ unconscious, a shared reservoir of memories and archetypes.

collective

Alfred Adler introduced the concept of the __ complex and drive for superiority.

inferiority

Carl Rogers’ approach stresses __ positive regard.

unconditional

Maslow’s hierarchy culminates in the need for __.

self-actualization

The behavioral model suggests abnormal behavior is __ through conditioning.

learned

Pavlov’s dog experiments demonstrated __ conditioning, learning by association.

classical

Skinner’s theory that behavior is shaped by reinforcement and punishment describes __ conditioning.

operant

In operant conditioning, removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase behavior is called __ reinforcement.

negative