Pharmacology Review for Nursing Exam

A series of flashcards based on key concepts in pharmacology, focusing on drug actions, side effects, and nursing considerations.

What is the mechanism of action of rivastigmine in the management of Alzheimer's disease?

Rivastigmine is a cholinesterase inhibitor that increases the amount of acetylcholine (ACh) in the brain.

What serious complication can occur due to CNS depression from sedatives during alcohol withdrawal?

Respiratory depression.

What metabolic syndrome effect can occur from second-generation antipsychotics?

Hyperglycemia and weight gain.

Which symptoms suggest the risk of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) in clients taking antipsychotics?

Hyperactivity and tachycardia.

How often should rivastigmine transdermal patches be changed?

Every 24 hours or every 3 days.

What priority assessment should be taken for clients on diazepam as a CNS depressant?

Level of consciousness (LOC).

Which dietary restrictions should a client on monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) follow?

Avoid high-tyramine foods like aged cheeses and cured meats.

What common gastrointestinal side effect must be monitored in clients taking cholinesterase inhibitors?

Anorexia, nausea, and vomiting.

Which symptom indicates possible benzodiazepine withdrawal in a client with long-term use?

Increased anxiety and panic.

What should clients be advised regarding stopping benzodiazepines?

They should be tapered off slowly to prevent withdrawal symptoms.

What contraindication is associated with antipsychotic medications related to blood abnormalities?

History of blood dyscrasias.

How does citalopram increase serotonin levels in the brain?

By inhibiting serotonin reuptake.

Which medication can cause involuntary muscle twitching indicating toxicity?

Levodopa.

What should a client taking alendronate avoid during medication administration?

Taking it with food or certain beverages like juice or milk.

What does the nurse need to monitor in a client taking phenytoin?

Phenytoin drug levels to prevent toxicity.

What is a common side effect experienced by clients taking skeletal muscle relaxants?

Drowsiness.

What action of valproic acid aids in managing seizures?

Increases gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels to stabilize neuronal membranes.

What priority finding should the nurse report when monitoring a client on DMARDs?

Increased infection risk due to immune suppression.

Why is it important for clients on antidepressants to regularly consult their physician?

To check therapeutic laboratory values and monitor effectiveness.

What should be advised if a client on MAOIs develops a cold?

Consult their doctor before taking any over-the-counter cold medications.

What side effect may indicate that a cholinesterase inhibitor is working effectively?

Improved motor control.