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unsaturated hydrocarbon
hydrocarbon in which one or more carbon-carbon multiple bonds (double bonds, triple bonds or both) are present.
unsaturated hydrocarbon
they have physical properties same with the saturated hydrocarbons but their chemical properties are different.
unsaturated hydrocarbon
They are chemically more reactive compare with their saturated counterparts.
presence of multiple bonds
serve as location where chemical reactions can happen
functional group
Wherever a specific portion of a molecule governs its chemical properties, that portion of the molecule is called _____
functional group
this is where most of unsaturated hydrocarbon chemical reactions occur
carbon-carbon multiple bonds
the functional group of an unsaturated hydrocarbon.
acyclic
an open chain structure
alkene
an acyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains one or more carbon-carbon double bonds.
CnH2n
general formula of alkene
ene
this suffix indicates the presence of pi bond or the double bond
dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halide
involves the loss of a hydrogen and a halide from an alkyl halide (RX).
dehydrohalogenation
normally accomplished by reacting the alkyl halide with a strong base, such as potassium hydroxide producing an alkene.
R-X + KOH > CnH2n + KX + HOH
general formula of dehydrohalogenation
alkane
this is formed when adding hydrogen to an alkene in the presence of a catalyst
addition of hydrogen
adding hydrogen to an alkene in the presence of a catalyst will form an alkane. Since there is the presence of pi bond (or the double bond) in an alkene, they are potentially more reactive
addition of halogen
a simple organic reaction where
a halogen molecule is added to the carbon–carbon double bond of an alkene functional group.
alkynes
represent the second class of unsaturated hydrocarbons.
alkynes
an acyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that contain one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds.
alkyne
it has four fewer hydrogens than the corresponding alkane.
CnH2n-2
general formula for alkyne with one triple bond
C2H2
simplest member of this type of alkyne has the molecular formula of ____
acetylene
common name for the smallest alkyne.
alkenynes
hydrocarbons in which both the double and the triple bonds are present.
C=C group
the alkene functional group
parent chain
it is identified in IUPAC name and this must include the two carbons with the pi bond.
pi bond
kapag hinahanap yung lowest number sa pagne-name ng alkenes, ito yung priority instead of the location ng substituents
sym
prefix used when the two groups bonded to the pi electron system/ double bond functional group is symmetrically situated
unsym
prefix used when the two groups bonded to the pi electron system/ double bond functional group is asymmetrically situated
ethylene
common name of CH2=CH2
alkadiene
group of open chain hydrocarbon with two double bonds
allene
common name of two double bonds in the same carbon: C=C=C
vinyl group
name of this group:
-CH=CH2
allyl group
name of this group:
-CH₂-CH=CH₂
divinyl
common name of this:
CH₂=CH-CH=CH₂
diallyl
common name of this:
CH₂=CH-CH₂-CH₂-CH=CH₂
dehydration of alcohols
the reaction of alcohols to generate alkene proceeds by heating the alcohols in the presence of a strong acid, such as sulfuric or phosphoric acid, at high temperatures.
sulfuric acid
The common acid used in the dehydration of alcohols which serves as the dehydrating agent.
alkene and water
products in dehydration of alcohols
dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halide and dehydration of alcohols
two preparation of alkenes
CnH2n + X2 > X-CH2-CH2-X
general formula of addition of halogens
addition of hydrogen and addition of halogen
two reactions of alkenes
terminal alkyne
If the triple bond is at the end of the chain, the alkyne is classified as a _____
acetylene
two carbons bonded with a triple bond
double bond
it has priority over a triple bond in numbering the chain, that is, when numbering systems are equivalent.
