Chemistry: Atomic theory and structure

Who is considered the father of chemistry and what did he discover?

John Dalton, who discovered the atomic theory.

What are the four elements of nature according to Aristotle?

Earth, Wind, Fire, Water.

What did Democritus believe about the composition of the universe?

He believed the universe was made of tiny indivisible particles called atoms.

What is the atomic theory?

All elements are composed of tiny indivisible particles called atoms; atoms of the same element are identical; atoms of different elements combine in simple whole-number ratios; in chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged but never changed into atoms of another element.

What did JJ Thomson discover through his Cathode Ray Tube experiment?

He discovered the electron as a particle of the atom.

What model did JJ Thomson develop?

The pudding model.

What was the outcome of Ernest Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment?

He discovered that atoms are mostly empty space with a small, dense, positively charged nucleus.

What did Niels Bohr contribute to atomic theory?

He discovered that electrons exist in distinct energy levels and orbit around the nucleus.

What is the uncertainty principle created by Heisenberg?

It states that you cannot know both the momentum and position of an electron at the same time.

What did Schrodinger's wave equation suggest about electrons?

Electrons are more like waves and are found in clouds of probability rather than set orbitals.

What are the main components of an atom?

An atom consists of an electron cloud and a nucleus, where the nucleus contains protons and neutrons.

What charge do protons and electrons have?

Protons have a positive charge, while electrons have a negative charge.

What defines the identity of an element?

The number of protons in the nucleus.

How can you determine the number of neutrons in an atom?

By subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass.

What is an isotope?

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons but the same number of protons and electrons.

What is the foundational element in the periodic table?

Hydrogen.

What is the atomic number and what does it indicate?

The atomic number indicates the number of protons in an atom and the number of electrons in a neutral atom.

What is chemical bonding?

The process where atoms donate or share electrons to form molecules or compounds.

What is the relationship between atoms, molecules, and living organisms?

Atoms combine to form molecules, which make up proteins, cells, tissues, and ultimately living organisms.

What did Dalton's experiment involving oxygen and hydrogen demonstrate?

It demonstrated how one atom of oxygen combined with one atom of hydrogen to produce one particle of water.

What is the significance of the atomic mass?

The atomic mass is the sum of the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.