Immunology - Viral Hepatitis

These flashcards summarize key concepts and facts about Viral Hepatitis, including its viruses, transmission, symptoms, prevention, and treatment options.

What is viral hepatitis?

Viral hepatitis is the inflammation of the liver caused by viruses, commonly types A, B, C, D, E, and G.

What are the primary hepatitis viruses?

The primary hepatitis viruses are A, B, C, D, E, and G.

What are secondary hepatitis viruses?

Secondary hepatitis viruses include Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Herpes virus, which involve the liver secondarily.

What forms can hepatitis take?

Hepatitis can take the forms of acute, fulminant acute, subclinical without jaundice, and chronic.

How is Hepatitis A commonly transmitted?

Hepatitis A is primarily transmitted by the fecal-oral route.

What is the incubation period for Hepatitis A symptoms after exposure?

Symptoms of Hepatitis A typically develop 28 days after exposure.

What are some common symptoms of Hepatitis A?

Common symptoms include fever, anorexia, RUQ pain, nausea, and jaundice.

What significant event occurred in 1995 regarding Hepatitis A?

A vaccine was released in 1995 that drastically decreased the prevalence of Hepatitis A in the U.S.

What is the structure of the Hepatitis B virus (HBV)?

HBV is a complex enveloped (circular) DNA virus with three important viral proteins.

How is Hepatitis B virus transmitted?

HBV is transmitted via percutaneous or permucosal routes, including blood contact and sexual transmission.

What are some common symptoms of acute Hepatitis B?

Symptoms can include fever, fatigue, muscle aches, stomach pain, dark urine, and jaundice.

Define HBsAg and its significance.

HBsAg is the Hepatitis B surface antigen that is detectable 2 weeks to 2 months after infection.

What does the presence of Anti-HBs indicate?

Anti-HBs indicates the development of antibodies, signifying recovery from Hepatitis B and providing protection.

What is the purpose of routine donor testing for HBV?

Routine donor testing for HBsAg and Anti-HBc helps to eliminate high-risk blood donors.

What treatments are available for Hepatitis B?

Seven drugs are available for treatment, along with prophylaxis HBIG for exposed individuals and liver transplants for severe cases.