food and textile

Micronutrients

They are those nutrients which are required in small smounts but are essential for the normal functioning of the body

Macronutrients

They are needed in large amounts

6 nutrients that are essential

Protein

carbohydrates

fats

Fat soluble vitamins

A D E K

Eater soluble vitamin

B C

Minerals needed?

Calcium

iron

potassium

sodium

iodine

Importance of vitamine A

Maintain good vision in dim light

Keeps skin smooth

Deficiency of vitamine A

Poor vision in dim light

Dry eyes and skin

Night blindness

Excess of vitamin A

Toxicity

Importance of vitamin D

Helps to build strong bones and teeth

Helps the body to absorb the mineral calcium

Deficiency of vitamin D

Poor bone growth in children

Weak bones and teeth

Rickets

Excess of vitamin D

Toxicity

Importance of vitamin E

Prevents fats and vitamin A from oxidation

Protects body cells

Importance of vitamin K

Essential for normal clotting of blood

Deficiencies of vitamin K

Delays clotting of blood

Excessive bleeding especially during injuries

Importance of vitamin B

Helps in the release of energy from food after digestion and absorption

Helps to mainain a healthy nervous system

Deficiency of vitamine B

Poor appetite, fatigue, irritability

Poor functioning of the nervous system

Deficiency disease of vitamin B

Beriberi

pellagra

Importance of vitamin C

Protects the body from infection

Helps in the healing of wounds

Helps in the absorption of the mineral iron in the body

Deficiency of vitamin C

Loweredresistance to infection

Poor wound healing

Anaemia

Scurvy

Excess of vitamin C

Diarrhea

Nausea

Importance of calcium

Helps in the formation of strong bines and teeth

Needed for the clotting of blood in wounds

Deficiency of calcium

Poor growth in children

Mottling of teeth

Weekening of bones in adult

Rickets

Excess of calcium

Calcification of soft tissue

Hypercalcemia

Importance of iron

Needed for the formation of red blood cells

Deficiency of iron

Fatigue

Pale skin

Abnormal hwavy and continuous bleeding

Increase heart beat

Anaemia

Excess of iron

Diarrhea

Constipation

Dizziness

Damage to some organs

Importance of potassium

Assists in maintaining normal blood pressure

Supports healthy nerves and muscle function

Deficiencies of potassium

Weakness and fatigue

Muscle aches and muscle pain

Excess of potassium

Weakness

Numbness

Importance of sodium

Needed to maintain the amount of wster balance in the body

Needed for the proper functioning of the nerves

Deficiencies of sodium

Muscle cramps

Weakness

Excess of sodium

May cause bloating and swelling of body and tissues and water retention

May lead to hypertension

Importance of iodine

Needed to produce thyroxine

Deficiencies of iodine

Goitre

Cretinism

Excess of iodine

Hypothyroidism

Importance of fruits and vegetables

Reduce obesity

Lower cholesterol level in blood

Prevent constipation

Red fruits

Fight cancer

Reduce risk of diabetes and heatt diseases

Orange and yellow fruits

Improve the immune system

Promote healthy eyes and vision

Decrease risk of cancer

Blue and purple fruits

Protect cell damage

Fight inflammation

Boost memory

White fruits

Protect agaisnt certain cancers

Lower cholesterol

Reduce inflammation

Ways to increase intake of fruits and veggies

Choose fruits as desserts

Choose freshly squeezed or pressed fruit juices instead of syrups

Include fruits in your lunch bag

Non communicable diseases

It is a disease that is not transferred from one person to another

Food habits

It refers to to how people eat, which foods they eat and with whom they eat

Food choices

They are the selection of food a person makes for his oen consumption

Factors affecting food habits and food choices (personal)

Needs of a person

Lifestyle of people

Nutritional requirements

Moods and emotions

Personal preference

Factors affecting food habits and food choices (external)

Availability of food

Individual and family income

Sociak occasions

Peer influence

Ethnic group

Advertising

Points to consider when eating out

Choose fresh foods instead of processed foods

Avoid oily, sugary and too salty food

Limit intake of cakes with icing

Hygiene when eating out

Ensure the place is clean

Ensure food is not near dustbisns or toilets

Ensure food is properly covered and kept in clean containers

Healthy food choices

Eat less salt

Limit intake of refined foods

Increase inatke of fruits and vegetables

Healthy food habits

Do not skip breakfast

Increase intake of wholegrain products

Eat 5 fruits everyday

Eating disorders

It includes inadequate or excessive food intake ehich affect the body weight